碳素材料粉尘着火爆炸实验研究

Experimental Study on Ignition and Explosion of Carbon Material Dust

为明确碳素材料的粉尘爆炸危险性,依据3种标准研究了6种碳素材料的可爆性.根据VDI 2263-1—1990低碳土状石墨、色素炭黑和导电炭黑为可爆粉尘,低碳鳞片石墨、高碳鳞片石墨、高碳土状石墨为不可爆粉尘.根据ASTME 1226和GB/T 16425—2018,6种试样均为可爆粉尘.进一步测试了各样品的着火敏感特性:依据现有测试标准,6种粉样的粉尘云均未着火,但导电炭黑和色素炭黑的粉尘层在450℃时发生了着火;利用TG-DSC方法发现高碳鳞片石墨、高碳土状石墨和导电炭黑在空气氛围中发生了氧化放热反应,起始温度分别为770,680,500℃.石墨和炭黑的可爆性取决于点火能量,超过10 kJ时均会爆炸;石墨和炭黑粉尘的着火敏感性很低,仍具有一定的着火危险性.

In order to clarify the dust explosion hazard of carbon materials,the explosiveness of 6 kinds of carbon dust materials was studied according to 3 standards.According to VDI 2263-1—1990,the low-carbon earthy graphite,the pigment carbon black and the conductive carbon black are explosive dust,low-carbon flake graphite,high-carbon flake graphite,and high-carbon earthy graphite are non-explosive dust.According to ASTME 1226 and GB/T 16425—2018,all the 6 kinds of samples are explosive.The sensitivity characteristics of various samples were tested according to the existing test standards,the 6 types of powder dust clouds was not fired,but the dust layer of conducting charcoal black and pigment charcoal black fired at 450℃.By using the TG-DSC method,it is found that high-carbon flake graphite,high-carbon earthy graphite and conductive carbon black experienced an oxidative exothermic reaction in the air atmosphere,with a starting temperature of 770,680,500℃respectively.The explosiveness of graphite and carbon black depend on the ignition energy,and explosion will occur if it exceeds 10 kJ.Although the fire sensitivity of graphite and carbon black dust is very low,there still exists fire risk.