城中村:城乡社会结构的“第三元”——基于京郊H村的调研

Urban Village: The “Third Element” of Urban and Rural Social Structure——Based on the Survey of Migrant Workers in the Village H in Suburban Beijing

城中村是农民工流动的空间节点,赋予农民工“半流动性”特征:一方面,城中村形塑了内部循环的生活世界,维系了农民工低成本的劳动力再生产和相对完整的生活模式,另一方面,嵌入城中村的劳务市场拓展了劳动力市场化的路径,城中村成为农民工进退自如的根据地。因此,城中村兼具生活世界的封闭性和发展机会的开放性,这与一些发展中国家的贫民窟存在本质差别。作为中国城市化进程的过渡现象,城中村赋予中国式城乡关系以弹性,是城乡社会结构的“第三元”,有助于缓解农民工进城与返乡的两难困境。因此,需要从战略高度定位城中村之于中国渐进城市化的意义,审慎稳妥地推进城市更新,保护农民工流动的缓冲空间,稳步推进城乡融合。

Urban villages are the spatial nodes of migrant workers’ flow and give them the characteristics of “semi-mobility”: On the one hand, urban villages have shaped the life world of internal circulation and maintained the low-cost labor reproduction and relatively complete life mode of migrant workers. On the other hand, the labor market embedded in urban villages has expanded the path of labor market, and urban villages have become the base for migrant workers to advance and retreat freely. Therefore, urban villages have the closed living world and open development opportunities, which are fundamentally different from slums in some developing countries. As a transitional phenomenon in the process of urbanization in China, villages in cities give flexibility to the Chinese-style urban-rural relationship and serve as the “third element” of urban and rural social structure, helping alleviate the dilemma where migrant workers go to the city and return home. Therefore, it is necessary to define the significance of urban villages in China’s gradual urbanization from a strategic perspective, prudently and steadily promote urban renewal, protect the buffer space of migrant workers’ flow, and steadily promote urban-rural integration.