现代汉语中的助词“之”及其与“的”的关系

The Particle“zhi”in the Modern Chinese and Its Relation with“de”

本文对现代汉语中“之”的使用情况进行分析,根据“X之Y”的语义关系对其进行分类并考察各类关系中“之”与“的”的替换情况。结构整体的语义关系、X和Y的语法功能、语体色彩、韵律节奏和修辞等因素都会对此产生影响。其中“集合—元素”关系中的“之”不能直接换用为“的”,该表达方式是对古代汉语同类用法的继承和保留。“之”在现代汉语中并不仅仅是与“的”对应的文言成分,而是表达“集合—元素”关系的词汇库藏手段。

This paper studies the usage of“zhi”in the modern Chinese,and it classifies“X zhi Y”according to the semantic relations between X and Y.It examines the replacement of“zhi”with“de”,which is influenced by the semantic relation of the structure,X and Y’s grammatical functions,register,prosody and rhetoric.“zhi”in“set-element”structure,which is reserved of the similar usage in classical Chinese,cannot be directly replaced with“de”.Therefore,“zhi”in the modern Chinese cannot be simply regarded as the classical Chinese variant of the attributive marker“de”.It is the particle in the modern Chinese inventory to express the relation of“set-element”.