铝电解电极废渣的无害化与资源化研究进展

Research Progress on Harmless Treatment and Resource Utilization of Electrode Waste Residue from Electrolytic Aluminum Industry

铝电解电极废渣(包括大修渣、阳极炭渣等)作为铝电解工业的主要固体废弃物,不仅含有氟化物和氰化物等有害组分,同时还含有大量优质的炭质和电解质等有价组分,兼具危险固废和二次资源的双重属性,对其进行综合处置不仅可以实现资源循环和变废为宝,还能有效缓解其造成的环境污染问题。以无害化处置、资源化回收以及资源化利用为主线,对铝电解电极废渣的无害化与资源化研究现状进行了综述,指出了目前各技术方法存在的主要问题,并对我国铝电解电极废渣处置的发展方向提出了合理建议,为铝电解电极废渣的综合处置提供参考,对我国铝电解行业的绿色可持续发展具有借鉴意义。

As the main solid waste in aluminum electrolysis industry,electrode waste(including overhaul slag,anode carbon residue,etc.)not only contains harmful components such as fluoride and cyanide,but also contains valuable components such as high-quality carbon and electrolytes.It has the dual attributes of hazardous solid waste and secondary resources,so its comprehensive disposal can not only realize resource recycling and turn waste into treasure,but also effectively alleviate the environmental pollution caused by it.The research status of comprehensive disposal of electrode waste residues in electrolytic aluminum industry were reviewed with the main lines of harmless disposal,resource recovery and resource utilization.At the same time,the main problems of current technical methods were pointed out,and reasonable suggestions for development direction of electrode waste disposal in electrolytic aluminum industry were put forward.It can provide a reference for the comprehensive disposal of electrode waste residues in electrolytic aluminum industry,and has reference significance for green and sustainable development of electrolytic aluminum industry in China.