邻里目的地建成环境对老年主动式健康的差异性影响--基于设施类型和服务半径的分析

Differential Impact of Neighborhood Destination Built Environments on Active Health of the Elderly: An Analysis Based on Facility Types and Service Radius

老年人的活动出行与主动式健康水平密切相关,且受到多种邻里目的地建成环境要素的复杂干预。针对老年需求选取9种公共服务设施,并根据服务半径确定其服务范围,以区位优势度、路径通畅性、功能丰富度、设计适宜性、出行便利度、环境安全性6个要素对建成环境进行分解,运用随机森林回归和变异系数方法,分析邻里目的地对老年健康的差异性影响。结合大连市实证研究发现:商业服务和医疗卫生设施的可达性指标、休闲娱乐设施的环境品质指标对老年主动式健康有重要影响;在不同设施中环境安全性指标的影响力差异最大、出行便利度指标的影响力差异最小;环境指标的健康效应随设施服务半径不同呈现递减、突变和递增3种波动趋势。该结论可为因地制宜的老龄友好城市建设提供一定的参考。

The active travel of the elderly is closely related to the active health level, and is complicatedly affected by the attributes of multiple neighborhood destination built environments. In response to the needs of the elderly, this study selects nine types of facilities, and determines the scope of their service areas based on service radius. The built environment is analyzed through six elements: location advantage, path patency,function richness, design suitability, travel convenience and environmental safety. This study uses random forest regression and coefficient of variation to analyze the differential influence of neighborhood destinations on the health of the elderly. Based on the example of Dalian city, it finds that the accessibility indicators of commercial services and medical health facilities and the environmental quality indicators of leisure entertainment facilities have important impact on the active health of the elderly. The difference of environmental safety health effect in different neighborhood destinations is the largest, and the difference of travel convenience health effect is the least. The health effects of built environment indicators show three trends of diminishing, sudden and increasing changes with the service radius. The conclusion could provide a reference for the construction of friendly cities for the elderly according to local conditions.