政策执行主动加码:表现、根源及治理对策

Intentionally Added Workload in Policy Implementation:Performance,Root Causes and Countermeasures

政策执行主动加码是各层级政府为了确保完成政策任务而普遍采取的执行策略,适度加码可提高政策执行效果,但过度加码对政策及其执行产生极大的负面影响。如何减少政策执行主动加码问题成为各界广泛探讨的重点话题。政策执行主动加码的主要表现为政策执行过度化、政策执行“一刀切”与政策执行形式化,其主要危害为政策执行结果失控、政策协同效应失调、助长地方形式主义、损害群众正当权益等。政策执行主动加码问题产生的根源在于压力型体制及其行政压力、层级间双向责任规避、官员晋升导向及其政绩考核机制、相对模糊的自由裁量权边界。在此基础上,文章提出了改革完善压力型体制、压实政策制定及执行的责任、健全政绩考核制度、规范自由裁量权运用的治理对策。

To ensure the completion of policy tasks,intentionally added workload in policy implementation is adopted generally by governments at all levels.Moderately added workload is conducive to policy implementation,while excessively added workload has negative impact on policy and its implementation.How to reduce the problems of intentionally added workload in policy implementation has become a key topic widely discussed.Intentionally added workload in policy implementation is reflected in excessive policy implementation,"one-size-fits-all"policy implementation and formalistic policy implementation,which will lead to uncontrolled policy results,failed policy collaboration,local formalism and damages to public rights.The root causes of intentionally added workload are the pressure system and its administrative pressure,the two-way avoidance of responsibility,the promotion orientation of officials and their performance evaluation mechanism,and the relatively vague boundary of discretion.Accordingly,this paper puts forward countermeasures including reforming and perfecting the pressure system,clarifying the policy responsibility,improving the performance appraisal system and standardizing the use of discretion.