计量语言学视域下的和歌汉译研究——以《小仓百人一首》为例

On the Chinese Translation of Waka from the Perspective of Econometrics——A Case study of “Okura Hyakunin Isshu”

为了系统、动态、深层次地考察和歌汉译实践,本研究基于计量语言特征,采用定性与定量相结合的方法对比分析了日本经典和歌集《小仓百人一首》和它的6个汉译本在词汇、句法和语篇层面的差异,进而考察各译本的跨文化审美效果。研究发现:6个汉译本的信息密度、内容量和文本从众性普遍大于源文本,而源文本的词汇复杂度和功能词频率大于各译本,从计量角度揭示了中日语言结构和表达习惯的显著差异,以及由此带来的加译和显化翻译等问题。加译和显译不仅降低了对原文的忠实度,也损害了和歌的审美特性和文学话语规则。因此,汉诗和译需要在充分关注中日语言表达和诗歌美学异质性的基础上探寻两者之间的最大公约数,只有如此,方能实现有效的跨文化审美欣赏。

In order to systematically, dynamically and deeply study the translation practice of Waka, Based on quantitative linguistic features, this study makes a comparative analysis of the lexical, syntactic and textual differences between the Classic Japanese poetry anthology “Okura Hyakunin Isshu” and its six Chinese translations, so as to investigate the artistic and aesthetic cross-cultural communication effect of each translation. It is found that the information density, content and conformity of the six Chinese versions are generally greater than that of the source versions, while the lexical complexity and frequency of functional words of the source versions is greater than that of the other versions, which reveals the significant differences in the structure and expression habits of Chinese and Japanese languages from the quantitative perspective, as well as the resulting problems in addition and explicit translation. Addition and explicit translation not only reduce the fidelity of the original text, but also damage the aesthetic characteristics and rules of literary discourse of Hege. Addition and explicit translation not only reduce the fidelity of the original text, but also damage the aesthetic characteristics and rules of literary discourse of Hege. Therefore, on the basis of fully paying attention to the heterogeneity of Chinese and Japanese language expression as well as the heterogeneity of poetry aesthetics, its need to explore the greatest common factor between the two, so as to achieve cross-cultural communication effectively.