论庄子之“情”的义涵与流衍——以《德充符》“无情”说为中心

On the Connotation and Evolution about“Feelings”of Zhuangzi——Centering on the Theory of“Non-Feelings”in the Zhuangzi

“心”“性”“情”“欲”是先秦道家人性论哲学的重要概念,其中庄子对“情”的阐发尤为精到。《庄子》文本中的“情”具有多义,但以感情、情欲之“情”为主。“无情”观念源于《德充符》篇中的庄、惠之辩,其本质是“以理化情”,目的在于实现自由、逍遥的“悬解”境界。庄子的“无情”思想在魏晋时期得以继承与发展,体现为何晏的圣人“无情”说与王弼的圣人“有情而无情”说。庄子论“情”与“命”相关,一定程度上反映出其人生哲学的消极色彩。

“Heart”, “Nature”, “Feelings” and “Desire” are the important concepts in the Pre-Qin Taoist philosophy of human nature, of which Zhuangzi’s interpretation of “Feelings” is particularly accurate. The “Feelings” in the text of Zhuangzi is polysemous, but it is mainly based on the emotion and desire. The idea of “Non-Feelings” originates from the debate between Zhuangzi and Huizi in Zhuangzi, and its essence is “Rationalized emotions”, aiming at realizing the state of freedom. Zhuangzi’s “Non-Feelings” thought was inherited and developed in the Wei and Jin dynasties, which was embodied in He Yan’ s sage’ s“Non-Feelings” theory and Wang Bi’s sage’s “Feelings or Non-Feelings” theory. Zhuangzi’s theory of “Feelings” and “Fate” is related to some extent, which reflects the negative color of his philosophy of life.