致命性自主武器的国际法规制研究

Study on the regulation of lethal autonomous weapons by international law

致命性自主武器(LAWS)的核心特征是人工智能的部署,LAWS的国际法属性应为武器装备。国际法治的基本原理为主权国家通过国际法渊源进行治理。国际法针对军事问题已形成“诉诸战争权”和“战时法”两个规范体系。LAWS从个体人权、和平权和人类军事主权三个维度对国际法造成冲击。基于国际法规制的原理和国际法框架进行分析,全面禁止LAWS的国际法倡议难以实现且理由不充分。相比之下,完善LAWS国际法规制框架切实可行:第一部分,基于现有国际法,人工智能不得部署于非法武器,部署于合法武器时应完善审查机制。第二部分,各国基于国家安全利益和宪法限制原因,就特定问题达成新条约,即就核武器的智能化升级达成再平衡协议;禁止将完全自主的人工智能部署于武装力量终极指挥系统。

The core characteristic of lethal autonomous weapons system(LAWS) is the deployment of artificial intelligence(AI), and the status of LAWS in international law should be weapons and equipment.The basic principle of the International Rule of law is that sovereign states govern through the sources of international law. International law has formed two normative systems for military issues: jus ad bellum and jus in bello. LAWS impact International Law from three dimensions: individual human rights, peace rights and human military sovereignty. Based on the analysis of the principles and framework of international law,the initiative of International Law on comprehensive ban LAWS is difficult to realize and unjustified. By contrast, it is practical to improve the regulatory framework of international laws on LAWS: Part I: under existing international law, AI can not be deployed in illegal weapons, and a review mechanism should be improved when it is deployed in legal weapons. Part II: new treaties on specific issues based on national security interests and constitutional constraints, namely, a rebalancing agreement on the intellectualization of nuclear weapons and prohibit to deploy fully autonomous artificial intelligence in the ultimate command system of the armed forces.