论京津冀流域生态补偿的法治完善

The legal improvement of watershed ecological compensation in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei

京津冀流域生态补偿事业的发展源于当地特殊的环境与社会特征,进而形成法治管理为龙头、中央与地方举措并行的约束体系。然而,其制度在发展中存在政府垄断型补偿模式塑造实效困境、以财政资金为来源的输血式补偿偏离行为初衷、针对生态补偿实效的监督考核机制缺失、宏观领域的区际协调立法不足等弊病。改革者需吸收加强流域生态补偿的市场化、填充高位阶与综合性立法、培养集体责任观与代际责任观、落实多元化的流域生态补偿方式、实现中央与地方补偿实践的互相配合等域外经验,通过专门性与综合性法律规范的双重充实,补偿主体、补偿方式、补偿标准与补偿监管内容的综合改革与法律实现保障体系的构建,实现当地流域环境的科学治理,并为生态补偿制度的发展提供经验。

The development of ecological compensation in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei stems from the special charac-teristics of the local environment and society,and then forms a restraint system in which legal management is the lead-er and central and local initiatives are parallel.However,in the development of its system,there are some disadvantag-es such as the dilemma of government monopoly compensation,the deviation of blood transfusion compensation from the original intention,the serious lack of supervision and assessment of the actual effect of ecological compensation,and the lack of inter-regional coordination legislation in the macro field.To this end,reformers need to combine the marketization of watershed ecological compensation,the filling of high-level and comprehensive legislation,the culti-vation of the concept of collective and intergenerational responsibility,the implementation of diversified watershed ecological compensation methods and the mutual promotion of central and local compensation practices.Cooperate with other foreign experience,through the dual enrichment of specialized and comprehensive legal norms,comprehensive reform of compensation subjects,methods,standards and supervision content,the construction of a legal guarantee system to achieve scientific governance of the local river basin environment and provide experience in the development of ecological compensation systems.