11世纪藏文名著《喻法论·聚宝》的特点及文献价值

The Characteristic and Document Value of Tibetan Classic the Jewel Mound of Mataphor in the 11th Century

《喻法论•聚宝》是博多瓦大师关于菩提道次第的讲稿,历经二十七载返复轮讲,听学僧达两千余名。由高徒札布氏首次编纂成册,后经几番修订,于12世纪初定稿问世传承至今。书中广泛搜集了千百年来藏族民间流传的民间传说、寓言故事、歇后语、民间歌谣、生活典故等,除此之外还摘录了部分佛本生故事及佛经中的哲理性故事,共计697则。通过叙述性故事,通俗易懂地阐述人生哲理、社会道德、伦理思想、处世之道、生活常识等,涉猎人文社科领域的不同层面。文章采用古典文本解读、逻辑推理及对比研究等方法,参照《道次师承传》等十余部相关珍贵文献进行解读与对比研究,认为该著作是博多瓦大师的代表作,是阿底夏《菩提道次第炬论》的重要注疏,又是宗喀巴大师撰写《菩提道次第广论》的主要参考文献。近千年来,学术思想影响深远,地位独特,起到了菩提道次第学脉承上启下的重要传承作用。贯穿于典籍中的近700则“喻法”则是研究藏族古代社会历史与人文思想的鲜活实列,具有独特的典型性和丰富的思想性,是挖掘藏族人文思想的宝贵资源,对当今社会树立正确的人生观和价值观具有重要的借鉴意义。典籍中包含的古词、方言、谚语、歌谣等亦是研究藏语词汇演变的重要实列。

The Jewel Mound of Mataphor was written by Master Po-To-Ba when he was teaching Atisha’s the Lamp of Bodhi Pass.He taught it for 27 years and more than 2,000 students received the whole teaching.His students compiled his teachings into a book and revised for several times in the history and the final version has been passed down to this day.The book extensively collected folk legends,fables,allegorical sayings,folk ballads and life allusions that have been circulating among Tibetan people.Also some Buddhist stories and philosophical stories from Buddhist scriptures are excerpted,totaling six hundred and ninety-seven.Through these narrative stories,he easily explained the philosophy of life,social morality,morals and common sense of life in different view aspects.Based on the comparative study and other methods,it could be considered as the masterpiece of Master Po-To-Ba,an important annotation of Atisha’s the Lamp of Bodhi Pass,and the main references of Tsongkhapa’s Lam-Rim-Chen-Mo.In the past thousand years,its academic influence and unique status have played an important role.There are around 700 metaphors in this ancient book and it recorded Tibetan ancient social history and humanistic thoughts.And this ancient Tibetan classic contained ancient dialects,proverbs,ballads,etc.Thus this classic became an important resource of Tibetan vocabulary.