联合航空811号班机事故的适航解读

Airworthiness analysis of the United Airlines Flight 811 accident

航空器舱门解锁和解闩的动力源必须在飞行前与锁闩和锁定系统断开,飞行安全关键结构件必须能承受结构限制载荷和极限载荷,基于风险管理的航空器持续适航事件监控方法需要有充分的使用监测数据作支撑,结合实际案例对适航要求进行解读,对航空器舱门研制和航空器持续适航研究人员有一定的借鉴作用。基于此,通过解读美国联合航空811号班机事故调查报告,依据国内有关适航规章和规范性文件,采用分析解读的方法研究该事故暴露的问题。结果表明:811号班机前货舱舱门锁闩的驱动系统设计,不符合必须在飞行前与锁闩断开并且在飞行中不能给舱门恢复动力的适航要求;前货舱舱门的L形固定器设计,不符合适航规章中关于载荷设计及其验证的规定要求;美国联邦航空管理局关于航空器前货舱舱门飞行中意外打开的安全性影响和适航风险水平的评估出现了失误。

All sources of power which can initiate unlocking or unlatching of any cabin doors must be isolated from the latching and locking systems prior to flight,and the key structural parts of flight safety must be able to bear the structural limit loads and ultimate loads,and the method of continuous airworthiness event monitoring based on risk management must depend on the adequate of monitoring data.The airworthiness requirements are interpreted in combination with actual cases,which has a certain referent to aircraft cabin door researchers and aircraft continuous airworthiness researchers.Based on this,taking the accident investigation report of United Airlines Flight 811 as the blueprint,and according to the current domestic airworthiness regulations and normative documents,the method of analytical interpretation is used to study the exposed problems.The results show that the design of the driving system of the front cargo compartment latch of Flight 811 did not meet the airworthiness requirements that it was necessary to disconnect the latch before flight and could not restore power to the cabin door during flight.The design of L-shaped anchor for the front cargo hold door of Flight 811 did not meet the requirements of load design and verification in airworthiness regulations.FAA made mistakes in its assessment of the safety impact and airworthiness risk level of the opening of the front cargo hold door of the aircraft in flight.