云南松苗木生长对GA3和壳寡糖浸种及缓释肥的响应

Responses of Pinus yunnanensis seedlings growth to GA3 and chitosan oligosaccharide seed soaking and slow-released fertilizer application

【目的】了解赤霉素(gibberellin,GA3)和壳寡糖(chitosan oligosaccharide,COS)溶液浸种结合基质施缓释肥的组合对云南松苗木生长及其针叶光合色素含量的影响,为短期内培育无蹲苗期壮苗提供科学依据。【方法】从15年生的1.5轮实生种子园采集云南松种子,采用L_(9)(3^(4))正交试验,开展不同质量浓度GA3(0.1,0.2和0.3 g/L)和COS(1,3和5 g/L)溶液浸种结合基质施缓释肥(0.5,1.0和1.5 kg/m^(3))的育苗试验,以不浸种和不施肥的处理作为对照。在苗龄70,110和140 d时,测定苗木地径和苗高生长量,并于苗龄140 d时测定其针叶光合色素含量,筛选促进苗高生长的无蹲苗期壮苗培育的最优组合。【结果】苗龄70,110和140 d时,各处理组合的苗木地径分别为0.9~1.1,1.1~1.5和1.9~2.3 mm,苗高分别为3.5~5.0,7.3~9.6和8.7~12.0 cm,对照地径分别为1.0,1.1和2.1 mm,苗高分别为3.7,7.0和9.2 cm;苗龄140 d时,各处理组合苗木针叶叶绿素a、叶绿素b、总叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量分别为0.43~0.67,0.19~0.27,0.62~0.94和0.08~0.13 mg/g,对照上述色素含量分别为0.52,0.20,0.72和0.10 mg/g;各处理组合间以上指标均具有显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01)差异。除苗龄140 d时影响苗木地径生长的主导因子是COS外,其他苗龄阶段影响各指标的主导因子均为基质施缓释肥。【结论】外源激素和养分浸种结合基质施缓释肥可促进云南松苗木生长及其针叶光合色素的积累;无蹲苗期的云南松壮苗培育以促进苗高生长为主,0.2 g/L GA3和1 g/L COS浸种结合基质施1.0 kg/m3缓释肥的组合,在110 d时即可培育出苗高达到出圃要求的无蹲苗期壮苗。

【Objective】This study investigated the effects of soaking seeds with gibberellin(GA3)and chitosan oligosaccharide(COS)solution combined with substrate application of slow-released fertilizer(SRF)on growth of Pinus yunnanensis seedlings and photosynthetic pigments contents of needles to provide basis and reference for cultivating robust seedlings without grass-stage in short time.【Method】P.yunnanensis seeds were collected from 1.5 cycle seedling-seed orchard of 15-year-old forests,and the L_(9)(3^(4))orthogonal design was employed to implement treatment combinations(TCs)with different mass concentrations of GA3(0.1,0.2 and 0.3 g/L)and COS(1,3 and 5 g/L)combined with SRF(0.5,1.0 and 1.5 kg/m^(3))in substrates.The treatment without seed soaking and fertilization served as the control(CK).The growth of basal diameters(BDs)and seedling heights(SHs)were measured at the ages of 70,110 and 140 days,and contents of photosynthetic pigments of needles were measured at the age of 140 days.Then,the optimal TC for SH growth was obtained.【Result】BDs of seedlings at ages of 70,110 and 140 days in TCs were 0.9-1.1,1.1-1.5 and 1.9-2.3 mm,while those of the CK were 1.0,1.1 and 2.1 mm.SHs were 3.5-5.0,7.3-9.6 and 8.7-12.0 cm for TCs and 3.7,7.0 and 9.2 cm for the CK.Contents of chlorophyll a,B,total and carotenoid of seedling needles in TCs were 0.43-0.67,0.19-0.27,0.62-0.94 and 0.08-0.13 mg/g,while they were 0.52,0.20,0.72 and 0.10 mg/g in the CK with significant or extremely significant differences(P<0.05 or P<0.01).COS was the dominant factor of BDs for 140-day-old seedlings,while SRF was the dominant factor of other parameters.【Conclusion】Seed soaking in solutions of exogenous hormones and nutrients combined with substrate application of SRF could promote growth of P.yunnanensis seedlings and accumulation of photosynthetic pigments in needles.Cultivation of sound seedlings of P.yunnanensis without grass-stage should focus on SH growth,and the TC of 0.2 g/L GA3and 1 g/L COS combined with 1.0 kg/m~3 SRF was optimal for obtaining qualified seedlings in 110 days.