矿用脉冲激光测距系统研究

Research on Mining Pulsed Laser Distance Measurement System

激光测距是在光学高速发展的背景下出现的新型测距方式,被广泛应用于建筑、医学和煤矿井下等距离信息测量场景。针对目前煤矿井下顶底板移进量测量存在无法实时监测、测量精度低、使用不便等问题,设计了基于飞行时间测距原理的脉冲式激光测距系统,并对其系统方案、硬件电路等方面进行了研究。通过高功率半导体激光器、大电流激光驱动电路,发射高能量激光光束。采用ns级雪崩光电二极管,捕获经目标物反射的激光回波信号。利用时刻鉴别电路,计算脉冲激光的飞行时间,精确计算目标物距离。系统试验结果表明,所设计的脉冲激光测距系统体积小、精度高、实用性强,能够达到mm级的测量精度,充分满足煤矿井下的距离测量需求。

Laser distance measurement is a new type of distance measurement method that emerged in the background of the rapid development of optics and is widely used in distance information measurement scenarios in construction, medicine and underground coal mines. Aiming at the current problems of inability of real-time monitoring, low accuracy of measurement and inconvenience of use in the measurement of top and bottom plate shift in underground coal mines, a pulsed laser ranging system based on the time-of-flight ranging principle is designed, and its system scheme and hardware circuit are studied. The high energy laser beam is emitted by a high-power semiconductor laser and a high current laser driving circuit. The ns-level avalanche photodiode is used to capture the laser echo signal reflected by the target. Using the moment discrimination circuit, the time-of-flight of the pulsed laser is calculated and the distance to the target is accurately calculated. The system test results show that the designed pulsed laser distance measurement system is small, high in accuracy and practicality, and can achieve mm-level measurement accuracy, fully meeting the distance measurement needs in underground coal mines.