2012-2021年江苏省扬州市流感流行病学及病原学特征

Epidemiological and etiological characteristics of influenza in Yangzhou City of Jiangsu Province from 2012 to 2021

目的分析扬州市流感流行病学及病原学特征。方法应用描述流行病学方法对扬州市2012-2021年流感监测资料及病原检测结果进行分析。结果2012-2021年,扬州市共报告流感样病例(ILI)438072例,占门急诊病例比率(ILI%)为6.69%;0~4岁组和5~14岁组在ILI中所占构成比最大。采用ILI%×流感核酸检测阳性率作为流感活动强度指标,结果显示流感流行时间主要集中在12月至次年3月,2012-2013、2020-2021年呈低流行状态,2014-2019年(尤其是2019年)出现流行高峰;流感核酸检测阳性率为9.61%。病原型别以季节性H3N2型为最多,其后依次为乙型Victoria流感、新甲型H1N1流感、乙型Yamagata流感。上述结果与流感暴发疫情一致。结论扬州市流感多发生于冬春季,各病原型别交替流行,每个流行周期(2~4年)有2~3种型别为优势株。疾制部门应重点关注婴幼儿、儿童群体,加强学校疫情防控指导力度,继续强化流感疫苗预防接种工作。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological and etiological characteristics of influenza in Yangzhou City. Methods The described epidemiological method was used to analyze the influenza surveillance data and pathogen detection results in Yangzhou City from 2012 to 2021. Results From 2012 to 2021, a total of 438 072 influenza-like illness(ILI) cases were reported in Yangzhou City, and ratio of ILI to outpatient emergency cases(ILI%) was 6.69%;the proportions of 0 to 4 years old group and 5 to 14 years old group were the largest in ILI. The ILI% plus positive rate of influenza nucleic acid test was used as an indicator reflecting influenza activity intensity, and the result showed that the epidemic period of influenza was mainly concentrated from December to March of next year, with a low prevalence status from 2012 to 2013 and 2020 to 2021, and an epidemic peak occurredfrom 2014to 2019(especially in 2019);the positive rate of influenza nucleic acid test was 9. 61%. SeasonalH3N2 influenza was the most common disease type, followed by Victoria influenza B, new HIN1 in-fluenza A, and Yamagata influenza B;all the results mentioned above were consistent with influenzaoutbreaks.Conclusion In Yangzhou City, the influenza mostly occurs in winter and spring, witheach pathogen type dominates alternately, and each epidemic cycle(2 to 4 years) has 2 to 3 typesof dominant strains. Prevention departments should focus on infants and children, strengthen theguidance on epidemic prevention and control in schools, and continue to strengthen work of influenzavaccination.