学者化与多元化:清代西域行记之新变

Scholarlization and Pluralism:Changes on Travel Notes of Western Regions in the Qing Dynasty

清代西域行记是汉唐以降西域行记创作的又一次繁荣,对于西域自然、人文的记录与传播具有重要意义。清代西域行记不仅在数量上呈现出大幅增长,所述行程由过境西域变为以西域为出发地或目的地,其主要创作群体亦由僧侣、使臣转变为西域官员、流人。清代西域行记务实考据之风增强,将“记”与“考”相结合,内容广征博引,体现出学者化倾向;其文体功能亦伴随着作者创作意识变化,体式包容性增强,呈现由“史”到“文”的转变。清代西域行记之学者化与多元化特征,表明西域行记已由扩见广闻、为人立传的史地学之作,转向了科学考察与借记娱情、借行立论相结合的文学之体,于史地学价值外,亦颇具文学价值。

Travel notes of Western Regions in the Qing Dynasty is another prosperity since Han and Tang Dynasties,which has great significance to the recording and dissemination of the natural and social features of the Western Regions.Travel notes in Qing Dynasty not only showed the increase in number and change in spatial cognition,and they also showed the change of the identity of the author from monks and envoys to officials and migrants.In the Qing Dynasty,the style of pragmatic textual research on the travel notes in Western Regions was strengthened,reflecting the tendency of scholarization.Its stylistic function changed f rom“history”writing to“literature”writing.The scholarization and pluralism of travel notes of the Western Regions in Qing Dynasty indicate that travel notes of the Western Regions have changed from historical and geological works that increase knowledge and focus on biographies to the literary works that combine scientific investigation with lyric and discussion,which are of great literary value besides historical and geological value.