论本雅明对大众“震惊体验”的观察与现代性反思

On Benjamin′s Observation and Modernity Reflection on the "Shock Experience" of the Mass

以波德莱尔的抒情诗歌作为观察视角,本雅明把他关于大众“震惊体验”的描写当作19世纪的史实来看待,换言之,本雅明用这种体验方式来把握巴黎拱廊街的历史意义。在此基础上,本雅明吸收了弗洛伊德的“创伤”理论和马克思的“劳动”观点,认为它是一种重复的创伤体验,具有非连续性的特点,对“震惊体验”作出深刻的现代性批判。在本雅明看来,“震惊体验”无法给予个体丰富的审美意义,要从“震惊体验”中真正获得解放,必然要以大众“经验”作为启示,回归到具有连续性的大众“经验”之中。本雅明之所以采取“震惊体验”的方式来理解大众的现代都市生活特点,与他本人敏感细腻的批评风格密切相关。

When taking Baudelaire′s lyric poetry as the observation perspective, Benjamin regarded his description on the "shock experience" of the mass as the historical fact of the 19th century. That is, Benjamin understood the historical significance of the arcade in Paris with this kind of experience. Based on this, Benjamin absorbed Freud′s "trauma" theory and Marx′s "labor" view, believed that the "shock experience" was the repeated traumatic experience which had the discontinuous character, and made the profound modernity critique on the "shock experience". In Benjamin′s opinion, the "shock experience" can not give the individual the abundant aesthetic meaning. If we hope the liberation from the "shock experience" really, we should take the mass "experience" as an enlightenment and return the continuous mass experience. The reason why Benjamin took this way of the "shock experience" to understand the character of modern city life of the mass was that he had sensitive and delicate criticism style.