平台资本主义数据剥削的正义批判

Data Exploitation and Justice Criticism of Platform Capitalism

针对21世纪出现的数据价值化问题,加拿大学者斯尔尼塞克提出“平台资本主义”概念,用以解释当代资本主义生产体系依托数字技术增殖的现象。平台资本主义包含隐匿性的数据剥削,包括数据生产资料剥夺、强迫劳动和劳动异化等问题。在数据剥削过程中,平台资本主义中建构了一种影响社会正义的劳动结构,对数字劳工进行抽象强制和剥夺,使数据剥削失去了正义性。因而数据正义建构的指向必然是解决由数字用户生产的数据为平台资本无偿占有的问题,实现数据的全民共享。这需要从源头上抑制数据被资本操纵的内生力量和运行机制,加大国有资本和集体资本建设数字平台的力度,明确数字劳工的数据产权,对资本平台进行“累进数据共享授权”和“数据交税”的治理。

In response to the problem of data value in the 21stcentury,Canadian scholar Srnisek put forward the concept of“platform capitalism”to explain the phenomenon of the proliferation of contemporary capitalist production systems relying on digital technology.Platform capitalism includes hidden data exploitation,including data production material deprivation,forced labor and labor alienation.In the process of data exploitation,platform capitalism has constructed a labor structure that affects social justice,and imposed and deprived digital labor abstractly,making data exploitation lose its justice.Therefore,the direction of data justice construction must be to solve the phenomenon that the data produced by digital users are occupied by the platform capital free of charge,so as to realize data sharing among the whole people.This needs to restrain the powerful endogenous force and operating mechanism that data is manipulated by capital from the source,increase the efforts of stateowned capital and collective capital to build digital platforms,clarify the data ownership of digital workers,and manage the capital platforms with“progressive data sharing authorization”and“data tax payment”.