论郭则沄词学观与词的创作

On Guo Zeyun’s Concept of Ci-study and his Creation of Ci

郭则沄的词学观主要体现在其词话著作《清词玉屑》中,与清朝重大历史事件有关联的词作,郭则沄此书都乐于择取。在历史事实的叙述或评论中,郭则沄的史识确有独到之处,其史识有大、深、透的特征。与同乡前辈谢章铤主张作词学苏轼、辛弃疾不同,郭则沄欣赏的是姜夔、张炎、王沂孙等词人的词作,认为即使反映重大时事的词作,也要做到融化无迹,更要做到托感遥深。其词多咏物、社课、游览、赠答、次韵之作,都着上一层清遗民的底色,寄托他的忠君恋阙的旧梦以及对现实的悲感。郭则沄擅长用思力作词,情思被隐藏在清词丽句中,较少有词能让我们获得直接的感动。郭则沄词几乎不直接写现实中的重大时事,词量显得有些不足。其词作取向偏离了《清词玉屑》中的史识追求,主要是词坛风气影响所致。郭则沄词风高度一致,即雅丽清婉,少有例外者。

Guo Zeyun’s concept of Ci-study is mainly reflected in Qing Ci Yu Xie,his poetic work,and he tended to choose Ci related to major historical events in the Qing Dynasty.In the narration or commentary of historical facts,he showed hisunique historical knowledge featured by broadness,profoundness and incisiveness.Different from Xie Zhangting,another Fujian scholar who maintained Su Shi and Xin Qiji’s style of Ci,Guo Zeyun appreciated Ci written by Jiang Kui,Zhang Yan,Wang Yisun and so on.He believed that even if Ci poems reflect major current events,they should imitate without leaving a trace or have profound implication.His Ci-poems,focusing on the theme of chanting things,Ci organization,tour,response to others,and responsorial rhymes,all carriedthe personality of Qing dynasty's descendants and reposed his old dreams of loyalty to the emperor and his sadness for the reality.Guo was good at hiding the gist of the Ci in fresh and beautiful sentences,so few works could make readers directly touched.His Ci seldom wrote about important current events and the amount of his Ci seemed to be insufficient.His Ci creation deviated from the pursuit of historical knowledge in Qing Ci Yu Xie,which was mainly caused by the impact of the atmosphere of Ci circles.The style of his Ci was highly consistent,which was elegant and graceful,with few exceptions.