如何认识和发展劳动价值论——兼论马克思主义政治经济学的时代化

How to Understand and Develop the Labor Theory of Value:Also on the Modernization of Marxist Political Economics

马克思主义政治经济学及其理论基石劳动价值论的科学性和生命力体现在其思辨逻辑上,因而对马克思劳动价值论的发展和完善也就需要运用思辨逻辑对其所依赖的假设前提和推理逻辑展开系统审视。对等价交换规律和同质化劳动这两大假设的逻辑分析可以深刻洞悉劳动力价值说及价值衡量尺度等核心概念和命题所存在的问题,通过对假设的放松,笔者提出了与现代社会发展相适应的有效劳动价值说。有效劳动价值说通过引入劳动的有效性这一概念不仅将复杂劳动与简单劳动联结起来,而且将创造价值的劳动从个体劳动拓展到联合劳动。相应地,劳动价值论的适用范围就从同质劳动拓展到异质劳动,丰富了劳动价值论。正因如此,有效劳动价值说对现代市场经济的分析力和解释力更高,可以更深刻地认识和解析现代市场经济的生产、交换及其剥削等过程,推动马克思主义政治经济学的时代化。

The scientificity and vitality of Marxist political economics and its theoretical cornerstone labor theory of value are reflected in its speculative logic.Accordingly,the development and perfection of traditional labor theory of value also needs to use the negative speculative logic to systematically examine and interrogate its hypothetical premises and reasoning logic.By the logical examination of the two hypotheses of equal exchange law and homogeneous labor,we can deeply understand the problems existing in the core concepts and propositions such as the value theory of labor power and the scale value measurement,and then put forward the effective value theory of labor that is suitable for the development of modern society by relaxing the hypothesis.The effective value theory of labor forms the general value theory of labor by introducing the concept of labor effectiveness,which not only connects complex labor with simple labor,but also extends the labor that creates value from individual labor to joint labor.As a result,the scope of application of labor theory of value has expanded from homogeneous labor to heterogeneous labor,thus forming the general value theory of labor.Therefore,the effective value theory of labor has greatly improved the analytical and explanatory power for modern market economy.Because of this,the theory of effective labor value has higher analytical and explanatory power to the modern market economy,and can more profoundly understand and analyze the production,exchange and exploitation process of the modern market economy,so as to promote the real era of Marxist political economics.