低收入家庭晚期癌症患者生命质量的回顾性研究

A Retrospective Study of Quality of Life in Patients with Advanced Cancer from Low-income Families

目的 了解低收入家庭晚期癌症患者生命质量现状,并探讨其影响因素,为改善低收入家庭晚期癌症患者生命质量提供建议。方法 回顾性分析2008年1月-2020年12月湖北省某三甲医院宁养院收治的2 048例癌症患者的病历资料。结果 低收入家庭晚期癌症患者生命质量平均得分为(33.57±5.59)分,躯体维度平均得分为(16.83±3.89)分,心理维度平均得分为(8.80±2.16)分,社会支持维度平均得分为(7.94±1.59)分。不同婚姻状况、子女数、营养状况、主要照顾者类型、功能状态评分的低收入家庭晚期癌症患者生命质量得分比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多元线性回归分析显示,营养状况(不良:β=1.57,P=0.005;中等及以上:β=3.99,P<0.001)和功能状态(β=4.30,P<0.001)为低收入家庭晚期癌症患者生命质量的重要影响因素。结论 低收入家庭晚期癌症患者躯体症状困扰明显,生命质量亟需提升。医护人员应针对低收入家庭晚期癌症患者困难和需求差异性,制定个性化的护理方案,从而改善患者生命质量。

Objective To investigate the quality of life(QOL)of low-income patients with advanced cancer and its influencing factors to provide suggestions for improving the QOL for these patients.Methods Medical records of 2048 patients with advanced cancer who were admitted to Hospice Units of a first-class tertiary hospital in Hubei province from January 2008 to December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed.Results The average scores of QOL,physical dimension, psychological dimension, and social support dimension were(33.57±5.59),(16.83±3.89),(8.80±2.16) and(7.94±1.59) respectively.There were statistically significant differences in QOL scores among low-income patients with advanced cancer in different marital status, number of children, nutritional statuses, cate-gory of primary caregivers and function status score(P<0.05).Multiple linear regression showed that nutritional status(malnutrition: β=1.57,P=0.005;moderate and above: β=3.99,P<0.001)and function status(β=4.30,P<0.001)were the main factors affecting the QOL in patients with advanced cancer from low-income families.Conclusion The overall QOL of patients with advanced cancer from low-income families is low and the score of physical dimensions is relatively low.Medical staff should make a personalized nursing plan according to the difficulties and different needs of low-income family patients with advanced cancer, so as to improve the QOL of patients.