妊娠期糖尿病患者的生命质量及其影响因素分析

Analysis on the Statusand Its Influencing Factors of Quality of Life in Patients with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

目的 了解妊娠期糖尿病(gestational diabetes mellitus, GDM)患者的生命质量及其相关影响因素,为干预措施制定提供科学依据。方法 选取2018年1月-2019年3月在湖北省妇幼保健院成人内科就诊的499例GDM患者作为病例组,糖耐量正常的353例孕妇作为对照组,采用世界卫生组织生命质量测定简表(WHOQOL-BREF)进行问卷调查,分析GDM患者生命质量现状及影响因素,统计学方法包括χ2检验、t检验、方差分析和线性回归分析。结果 GDM组患者生理领域、心理领域、社会关系领域、环境领域4个维度得分分别是(68.00±11.94)分、(63.13±13.33)分、(70.72±14.08)分、(60.75±13.37)分,与对照组相比差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。多元线性逐步回归分析显示,文化程度、家庭收入、孕前体质量指数、早孕反应可影响GDM患者生命质量的一个或多个维度(P<0.05)。结论 GDM患者的生命质量受多方面影响,应加强对GDM患者生命质量的关注,尤其重点关注文化程度低、家庭收入低、孕前体质量过低、有早孕反应的孕妇。

Objective To understand the quality of life of pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)and its related influencing factors, and to provide scientific basis for the proposal of intervention mea-sures.Methods A total of 499 GDM patients and 353 pregnant women with normal glucose tolerance who visited the adult internal medicine department of Hubei Maternal and Child Health Hospital from January 2018 to March 2019 were selected as the study subjects.A questionnaire survey was conducted using the World Health Organization on Quality of Life Brief Scale(WHOQOL-BREF).To analyze the current quality of life and influencing factors of GDM patients, statistical methods included Chi-square test, t test, analysis of variance and linear regression analysis were applied.Results In the GDM group, the scores of physiological field, psychological field, social relationship field and environmental field were(68.00±11.94),(63.13±13.33),(70.72±14.08),(60.75±13.37),respectively.There was no statistical significance in the scores of physiological field, psychological field, social relationship field, and environment field in GDM group compared with the control group(P>0.05).Multiple linear stepwise regression analysis showed that education level, family income, pre-pregnancy BMI,and early pregnancy reaction were related to the quality of life(physiological, psychological, social, and environmental aspects or various aspects)of GDM patients(P<0.05).Conclusion The quality of life of GDM patients is affected by many aspects, such as education level, family income, pre-pregnancy BMI,and early pregnancy reaction, etc.Therefore, more attention should be paid to the quality of life of GDM patients especially to pregnant women with low education level, low family income, low weight, and early pregnancy reaction.