区块链技术在农产品供应链中的应用——理论机理、发展实践与政策启示

Application of Blockchain Technology in Agricultural Products Supply Chain: Theoretical Mechanism, Development Practice and Policy Enlightenment

区块链是大数据时代应用领域十分广泛的数字技术之一。本文结合区块链技术的功能和特征,从理论上分析了区块链技术降低农产品交易成本的内在机理,系统阐述了区块链技术在驱动农产品供应链发展方面的作用及国际实践现状。研究认为,区块链技术可有效解决农产品供应链中因信息不对称所带来的食品质量安全、农村金融及农业保险中的道德风险等诸多问题,但是由于农产品供应链系统的复杂性及区块链技术应用条件的不成熟,区块链技术得到全面的推广和应用尚需要一定时间。然而,发达国家目前正利用其技术和资本优势加快区块链农产品供应链的全球布局,使发展中国家在农产品供应链、价值链中面临被“低端锁定”的风险。中国应加快构建数智化现代农产品供应链安全体系,加强数字基础设施建设,及时把握全球数字农产品供应链的主动权。

Blockchain is one of the widely used digital technologies in the era of big data.Based on the functions and characteristics of blockchain technology, this paper theoretically analyzes the internal mechanism of blockchain technology to reduce transaction cost of agricultural products.Meanwhile, this paper systematically analyzes the role of blockchain technology in driving the development of agricultural products supply chain and the current situation of international practice.It indicates that blockchain technology can effectively solve many problems caused by information asymmetry in the agricultural products supply chain, such as food quality and safety, moral hazard in rural finance and agricultural insurance, but due to the complexity of agricultural products supply chain system and the immaturity of blockchain technology, a certain amalnt of time should be needed for application and promotion of blockchain technology.However, developed countries are currently making use of their technology and capital advantages to accelerate global layout of blockchain agricultural products supply chain and developing countries will face the risk of being locked in the “low-end” in the agricultural products supply chain and value chain.So, China should speed up the construction of a digital and intelligent modern supply chain security system for agricultural products, strengthen the construction of digital infrastructure, and timely grasp the initiative of global digital agricultural products supply chain.