农村土地利益分配的失衡与均衡——“地利共享”框架下耕地征收案例研究

The Imbalance and Balance of Rural Land Interests Distribution:Based on the Case Study of Cultivated Land Expropriation under the Framework of “Land Interests Sharing”

农村土地利益均衡分配是持续提升乡村治理效能与全面推进乡村振兴战略的重要内容。宏观层面的土地利益分配注重审视政府、村集体和农民的关系,比较而言,微观层面的土地利益分配主要聚焦于乡村社会内部。研究冀中南案例村庄的集体耕地征收事实发现,纵向地看,征地利益分配实践主要经历了失衡阶段、调整阶段和均衡阶段;横向地看,征地利益分配矛盾主要表现在农民之间、干群之间和村组之间。农村地利共享秩序建构有其内在逻辑,以农民利益为核心,在外部权威有限介入、村干部内生整合与农民权利意识提升的耦合作用下,农村土地利益分配可以实现地利共享。然而,地利共享秩序的长期维系需要进一步提升分配方案的民主化与共享秩序的制度化。基于此,通过深化农村集体产权制度改革,明确集体成员资格认定标准,推动土地利益分配矛盾“公共化”,并有效激活农民主体意识,进而建构乡村社会场域的“地利共享”秩序,可以为化解村域层面的利益分配矛盾提供新的思路与视角。

The balanced distribution of rural land interests is an important part of sustaining good rural governance and comprehensively promoting the strategy of rural revitalization.The distribution of land interests at the macro level focuses on examining the relationship between the government, village collective and farmers.In comparison, the distribution of land interests at the micro level primarily fceuses on the rural society.We can see from a vertical perspective that the distribution of land interests mainly goes through the stages of imbalance, adjustment and balance by studying the cultivated land expropriation of the village in central and southern Hebei Province.Horizontally, the conflicts of land interest distribution are mainly manifested among farmers, cadres and village groups.It is found that the construction of the order of land interests sharing has its internal logic.With farmers’ interests at the center, the sharing of rural land interests can be realized through the coupling of the three elements of limited intervention of external authority, endogenous integration of village-level cadres, and promotion of farmers’ rights consciousness.However, long-term maintenance of land interests sharing order needs to further promote the democratization of sharing schemes and the institutionalization of sharing order.Based on this, the paper suggests deepening the reform of the rural collective property rights system, clarifying the collective member qualification standards, promoting the land contradictory public interest distribution, and effectively activating the farmers’ subject consciousness, constructing “land interests sharing” order of rural social field.And it provides a new idea and perspective for resolving the contradiction of interest distribution at village level.