工科毕业设计中的问题分析和教学体系构建的思考

Analysis of problems in engineering graduation design and reflections on the construction of teaching system

针对工程学科知识体系的构建问题,以工科毕业设计的开展为切入点,基于建筑环境与能源应用工程专业的课程构成分析,结合毕业设计中学生对知识体系掌握和应用程度、产生原因及效果影响的调研,深入分析了当前工科课程教学中存在的问题,指出学分需求模式下课程覆盖面不足、知识体系不健全、工程应用性欠缺的现状,以及由此产生的在毕业设计环节学生知识掌握不牢固、系统性不足、需要再学习等问题。基于新工科发展要求,工程专业人才培养需要适于当前国民经济和社会发展,进行学科基础、专业知识的重新梳理和完善更新,结合教学模式和学习需求,构建适合不同发展方向的课程体系,扩大专业知识的覆盖面,根据高校人才差异化培养的特点,面向人才需求提升课程设置要求,提高教育教学水平,从知识体系、课程体系和人才培养3个层面构建教学体系。

This paper aims at the construction of the knowledge system of engineering discipline,taking the development of engineering graduation design as the starting point,based on the analysis of the curriculum composition of architectural environment and energy application engineering,combined with the investigation of students’mastery and application of the knowledge system in the graduation design and its reasons and effects.This paper deeply analyzes the problems existing in the current engineering curriculum teaching,points out the teaching problems of incomplete curriculum coverage,imperfect student knowledge system and lack of engineering application under the current credit demand model,and the problems of incomplete grasp,systematic insufficiency,and the need to learn again arising from the graduation design link.Based on the development requirements of emerging engineering,it is proposed that the discipline foundation and professional knowledge suitable for the current national economic and social development should be rearranged,improved and updated in the education and training of engineering professionals.It is necessary to combine the teaching mode and learning needs,build a curriculum system suitable for different development directions,and expand the coverage of professional knowledge.It is necessary to further combine the characteristics of talent differentiation training in colleges and universities,face the needs and improve the requirements of curriculum setting and the level of education and teaching.Constructing the teaching system from three levels of knowledge system,curriculum system and talent training.