甲基苯丙胺使用戒毒人员的冲动性及相关因素分析

Analysis of impulsivity and related factors of methamphetamine users

目的了解甲基苯丙胺使用戒毒人员的冲动性,探索其相关因素,为预防冲动暴力事件以及更好地管理戒毒人员提供帮助。方法纳入2019年6月—2019年12月期间因吸食甲基苯丙胺戒毒的人员,经知情同意后,采用自制简表,了解其一般情况包括性别、年龄、身高、体重、职业、婚姻状况、居住地、是否独生子女等,评估其精神症状,是否吸烟、饮酒,评估Barratt冲动性量表(Barratt Impulsivity Scale,BIS-11)。采用EpiData 3.1建立数据库,运用SPSS 22.0软件进行统计分析,连续性变量用均数±标准差表示,分类变量用计数和百分比表示,将BIS-11量表得分及各分量表得分与常模比较,并将其与一般情况、物质使用情况、吸烟、饮酒及精神症状等做相关性分析,P<0.05差异有统计学意义。结果甲基苯丙胺使用者的冲动性高于普通人群(t=7.67,P=0.00),主要表现为非计划冲动及认知冲动。年龄与行动冲动呈负相关(γ=-0.155,P=0.038),教育水平与冲动总分呈负相关(γ=-0.158,P=0.036),其余包括BMI、职业、婚姻状况、居住地、是否独生子女、物质使用时长、吸烟、饮酒及精神症状等因素均与冲动性无相关性(P>0.05)。结论甲基苯丙胺使用者的冲动风险高于普通人群,主要是非计划冲动及认知冲动,年龄小的行动冲动性更强,教育水平低的整体冲动性更强。建议在戒毒期间,要重视甲基苯丙胺使用者的冲动风险评估,必要时可给予相关的干预,为保证强戒期间的安全以及出所后的社会稳定提供基础。

Objective To understand the impulsivity of methamphetamine users in compulsory drug rehabilitation centers,to explore its related factors,and to provide help for the prevention of impulsive violence and better management of drug rehabilitation people.Methods Participants who had been in drug rehabilitation for methamphetamine abuse from June 2019 to December 2019 were included.After informed consent,a self-made brief form was used to understand their general information including gender,age,height,weight,occupation,marital status,residence,one-child or not.Their psychotic symptoms,smoking or drinking alcohol,and to evaluate the Barratt Impulsivity Scale(BIS-11)were also evaluated.Epidata 3.1 was used to establish the database,and SPSS 22.0 was used for statistical analysis.The continuous variables were expressed as mean±standard deviation,and the classified variables were expressed as count and percentage.The scores of BIS-11 and each subscale were compared with the norm,and correlation analysis was made between the symptoms and general conditions,substance use,smoking,drinking and psychotic symptoms,and P<0.05 showed statistically significant difference.Results The impulsiveness of methamphetamine users was higher than the general population(t=7.67,P=0.00),mainly manifested as nonplanning impulsiveness and attentional impulsiveness.Age was negatively correlated with motor impulsivity(γ=-0.155,P=0.038),and education level was negatively correlated with impulsivity total score(γ=-0.158,P=0.036).BMI,occupation,marital status,residence,one-child or not,substance use duration,smoking,drinking and psychotic symptoms were not correlated with impulsivity(P>0.05).Conclusion Methamphetamine users had higher risk of impulsivity than the general population,mainly non-planning impulsivity and attentional impulsivity.Younger people had higher motor impulsivity,while those with lower education level had higher overall impulsivity.Therefore,methamphetamine users′impulsive risk assessment should be paid attention to during the period of drug withdrawal,and relevant intervention should be given if necessary,so as to provide a basis for ensuring safety during the period of drug withdrawal and social stability after leaving the center.