Seasonal and diurnal variation in ecosystem respiration and environmental controls from an alpine wetland in arid northwest China

中国西北干旱区高寒湿地生态系统呼吸的季节和日变化及其环境控制

Wetlands store large amounts of carbon stocks and are essential in both global carbon cycling and regional ecosystem services.Understanding the dynamics of wetland carbon exchange is crucial for assessing carbon budgets and predicting their future evolution.Although many studies have been conducted on the effects of climate change on the ecosystem carbon cycle,little is known regarding carbon emissions from the alpine wetlands in arid northwest China.In this study,we used an automatic chamber system(LI-8100A)to measure ecosystem respiration(ER)in the Bayinbuluk alpine wetland in northwest China.The ER showed a significant bimodal diurnal variation,with peak values appearing at 16:30 and 23:30(Beijing time,UTC+8).A clear seasonal pattern in ER was observed,with the highest value(19.38μmol m-2 s-l)occurring in August and the lowest value(0.11μmol m-2 s-1)occurring in late December.The annual ER in 2018 was 678 g C m-2 and respiration during the non-growing season accounted for 13%of the annual sum.Nonlinear regression revealed that soil temperature at 5 cm depth and soil water content(SwC)were the main factors controlling the seasonal variation in ER.The diurnal variation in ER was mainly controlled by air temperature and solar radiation.Higher temperature sensitivity(Qio)occurred under conditions of lower soil temperatures and medium SWC(25%≤SWC≤40%).The present study deepens our understanding of CO,emissions in alpine wetland ecosystems and helps evaluate the carbon budget in alpine wetlands in arid regions.

湿地储存了大量的碳,在全球碳循环和区域生态系统服务中发挥着重要作用。了解湿地碳交换动态对评估碳收支和预测其未来演变至关重要。虽然关于气候变化对生态系统碳循环的影响已经进行了大量的研究,但对中国西北干旱区高寒湿地碳排放的研究相对较少。本研究利用自动箱法(LI-8100A)对中国西北干旱区巴音布鲁克高寒湿地生态系统呼吸(ER)进行测量。结果显示,ER呈显著的“双峰”型日变化,峰值分别出现在北京时间的16:30和23:30。ER也呈明显的季节性变化规律,ER最大值(19.38μmolm^(-2)s^(-1))出现在8月,最小值(0.11μmolm^(-2)s^(-1))出现在12月。2018年生态系统的年排放量为678gCm^(-2),其中非生长季的排放量占全年总排放量的13%。非线性回归表明土壤5cm处温度和水分含量的变化是控制ER季节变化的主要因素。ER的日变化主要受空气温度和太阳辐射的共同影响。在较低的土壤温度和中等土壤水分含量(25%≤SWC≤40%)条件下,生态系统温度敏感性(Q_(10))较高。本研究加深了我们对高寒湿地生态系统CO_(2)排放的理解,并有助于评估干旱地区高寒湿地的碳收支。