乾隆年间陕西粮价波动研究

Study on the Fluctuation of Grain Price in Shaanxi During the Reign of Emperor Qianlong in the Qing Dynasty

本文以王业键先生编辑的清代粮价资料库中的粮价数据为基础,具体考察了清乾隆朝年间陕西12府的粮价波动情况。研究表明,乾隆年间,陕西省粮价波动主要受到自然灾害因素的影响,自然灾害的频繁发生刺激了粮价的上涨。战争也是导致陕西粮价在短期内发生剧烈波动的关键性因素,特别是在清王朝统一新疆的过程中,为了就近供应军粮,清王朝多次由陕西采买和调拨粮食,使得陕西的粮价波动明显。同时,通过运用乾隆年间陕西小麦价格变异系数及相关系数的分析方法得出,乾隆年间陕北和关中地区市场整合程度,相对陕南地区来说较高,但从全国范围来看,陕西整体的市场整合程度较低。

Based on the grain price data in the grain price database of the Qing dynasty edited by Wang Yejian,this paper investigates the grain price fluctuation of the 12 prefectural governments in Shaanxi during the reign of Emperor Qianlong.The research shows that during this time,the fluctuation of grain price in Shaanxi province was mainly influenced by natural disasters,stimulating the rise of grain price.The war was also the key factor that led to the drastic fluctuation of grain price in Shaanxi in a short period.Especially,in the process of the Qing government’s unification of Xinjiang,in order to supply military grain,the government actively purchased and allocated military grain,which made the fluctuation of grain price in Shaanxi.At the same time,by using the analysis method of wheat price variation coefficient and correlation coefficient in Shaanxi during the reign of Emperor Qianlong,it is concluded that the integration degree of northern Shaanxi and Guanzhong region was high,but the integration degree of Shaanxi as a whole was low.