新中国成立初期民船民主改革中的阶级话语嵌入与政治身份塑造——以四川为中心

Embedding of Class Discourse and Shaping of Political Identity in the Democratic Reform of Civilian Ships in the Early Days of New China:A Focus on Sichuan

民船民主改革是新中国成立初期中国共产党在内河民船运输领域领导广大船工船民开展的一项社会改造运动。新中国成立以前,水上社会长期处于“江湖之远”,不受国家政权管控,未受革命斗争洗礼,作为劳动阶级的船工船民并无明显阶级意识,更无严密阶级团体。因之,民船民主改革需要以“谁养活谁”的追问为切口,推进阶级话语嵌入,逐步改变运动中一些行政干部的认知模式,树立依靠群众和借重积极分子的思想观念与行为方法,明确“我”与“他者”之间的阶级界限和身份区别,以此作为实现水上社会秩序变迁和政治整合的有效进路。

The democratic reform of civilian ships was a social transformation movement in the early days of New China carried out by boatmen under the guidance of the Communist Party of China in the field of inland river transportation for civilian ships.Before liberation,the aquatic society was"far from the society on land"for a long time,which was not managed by the state power and not influenced by the revolutionary struggle.The working-class boatmen had no obvious class consciousness and close-knit class groups.Therefore,the democratic reform of civilian ships needed to start with the question of"who can be the providers",thus promoting the embedding of class discourse and gradually changing the cognitive model of some administrative cadres in the movement.Besides,it was crucial to establish the ideology and action method of relying on the masses and paying attention to activists,and clarify the class boundaries and identity differences between"I"and"the other",which was effective to achieve the change of order and political integration of the aquatic society.