全国范围的居民生活垃圾分类参与意愿分析

Investigation on Municipal Solid Waste Classification Participation Willingness of Residents in China

分类是生活垃圾全过程管理的前提和基础,居民参与意愿是决定生活垃圾分类推行效果的重要因素。基于涵盖全国内地的1665份有效问卷,研究居民垃圾分类参与意愿及其影响因素。结果表明:多数受访者愿意参与生活垃圾分类(70.7%),不同省(区、市)间居民参与意愿差异较大,垃圾分类推广措施需根据各地实际情况适当调整。个体因素和外部因素对居民意愿影响较大。设施不完善、宣传力度低、便捷程度低、缺乏分类氛围是阻碍居民实施垃圾分类的主要因素。建议采取多样化的组合策略下,东部地区相对侧重提高垃圾分类便利性,中部地区相对侧重改善社会分类氛围和政策宣传效果,西部地区相对侧重改善垃圾分类设施和政策宣传效果。针对性地开展居民意愿研究,有助于制定更有效的政策措施,提高居民生活垃圾源头分类参与度,具有理论意义和现实价值。

Classification is the prerequisite and basis for the whole process of household garbage management, and residents’ willingness to participate is an important factor that determines the implementation effect of household garbage classification. Based on 1665 valid questionnaires covering the mainland of China, the willingness of residents to participate in classification and its influencing factors were studied. The results showed that most respondents are willing to participate in garbage classification(70.7%), and the residents’ willingness to participate in different provinces(autonomous regions and municipalities) varies greatly, the measures need to be adjusted appropriately according to the actual situation in each place. Individual factors and external factors have greater impact on residents’ willingness. Incomplete facilities, insufficient publicity, low convenience, and lack of atmosphere are the main factors hindering residents from implementing classification. It is suggested that under a diversified combination strategy, the eastern region should focus on improving the convenience of classification, the central region should focus on improving the atmosphere of social sorting and the effect of policy publicity, and the western region should focus on improving infrastructure and policy publicity. Targeted research on residents’ willingness will help to formulate more effective policies and measures to improve residents’ participation in the source classification of household garbage, which has theoretical significance and practical value.