《民法典》环境侵权惩罚性赔偿制度之审视--以环境侵权惩罚性赔偿条款司法适用为视角

Punitive Compensation System for Environmental Infringement in the Civil Code--From the Perspective of Judicial Application of Punitive Compensation for Environmental Infringement

《中华人民共和国民法典》第1232条明确在环境侵权中被侵权人可以要求侵权人承担惩罚性赔偿,但具体适用的规定不足。通过梳理文献以及结合我国首例适用环境侵权惩罚性赔偿条款的案例,可知惩罚性赔偿在司法适用中存在请求权主体不明、赔偿数额不定以及赔偿归属者含糊等问题。为使民法在承担环境公益保护功能同时,减少滥诉、过分阻遏或重复赔偿等问题,应当建立完善的环境侵权惩罚性赔偿适用体系。

In Article 1232 of the civil code of the People’s Republic of China, it is clear that the infringed can require the infringer to bear punitive damages in environmental infringement, but the specific applicable provisions are insufficient. By combing the literature and combining with the first case of punitive compensation in environmental tort in China, it can be seen that there are some problems in the judicial application of punitive compensation, such as unclear subject of claim right, uncertain amount of compensation and vague attribution of compensation. In order to make the civil law undertake the function of environmental public interest protection and reduce the problems of excessive litigation, excessive suppression or repeated compensation, a perfect application system of punitive compensation for environmental tort should be established.