京津冀地区水-能系统关联及协同效益

Water-energy nexus and co-benefits in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region

京津冀各地的水资源与能源通过区域内外产业链形成了复杂的相互依赖关系,分析该地区的水-能系统关联有助于制定资源协同管理政策和实现区域可持续发展。本文基于多区域投入产出模型对京津冀地区水-能系统关联及其驱动因素进行了分析,并在此基础上核算了水-能协同节约效益。结果表明:(1)京津冀各地能源部门与水资源的完全关联均远大于直接关联。其中北京市能源部门由于从中国其他地区调入了大量高耗水产品,从直接关联最低一跃成为完全关联最高。(2)京津冀各地水部门与能源的完全关联均大于直接关联。其中北京市由于循环利用了大量的再生水,在三地中直接关联最大;河北省由于本地其他部门的用水效率较低,在三地中完全关联最大。(3)京津冀地区能部门对水和水部门对能完全关联在2012—2017年间均有所下降,其中前者的主要驱动因素是中国(除京津冀)地区的技术变动效应和生产结构变动效应,而后者则是由各地自身和中国(除京津冀)地区的技术变动效应和生产结构变动效应共同驱动的。(4)京津冀地区取得了良好的水-能协同效益,但2017年相对2012年收益有所下降。随着水/能生产部门用能/用水效率的快速提升,京津冀地区未来的水-能协同效益可能继续下降。

Water and energy resources across the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region have formed complex relationship of dependency through supply chains within and outside the region. It is necessary to analyze the water-energy nexus in this region to carry out coordinated management of different natural resources and achieve regional sustainable development. Based on a multiregional input-output model, this study analyzed the water-energy nexus and the driving forces for its change in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, based on which the water-energy saving co-benefits were estimated. It is revealed that the complete water-for-energy coefficient of each region was much larger than the direct coefficient. Beijing had the lowest direct water-for-energy coefficient among the three areas. However, since the energy sector of Beijing had imported a lot of highwater-consuming products from the other regions of China, its complete water-for-energy coefficient was the highest of the three. The complete energy-for-water coefficient of each area was larger than the direct coefficient, too. Beijing had the largest direct energy-for-water coefficient among the three areas due to its high recycling rate of wastewater. Hebei Province had the largest complete energy-for-water coefficient because the water use efficiencies of its local industries were not very high. Both the water-for-energy and energy-for-water complete nexus in the BeijingTianjin-Hebei region had declined between 2012 and 2017, with the former mainly driven by technological change and production structural change in other regions of China, and the latter driven by a combination of technological change and production structural change in the local region and other regions of China. Overall, the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region had achieved significant water-energy co-benefits, but the gains declined in 2017 relative to 2012. With the rapid increase of energy/water use efficiency in the water/energy production sector, the water-energy cobenefits in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region may continue to decline in the future.