旅游城市韧性与居民幸福水平时空适配特征及影响因素——以张家界为例

Spatiotemporal adaptation characteristics and influencing factors of tourism city resilience and residents’ happiness level:Taking Zhangjiajie City as an example

旅游城市韧性与居民幸福水平的适配,极大地影响旅游城市可持续发展能力和居民幸福水平提升。构建旅游城市韧性与居民幸福水平评价指标体系,以典型旅游城市张家界为例,运用熵权TOPSIS法、适配性量化模型等方法实证分析2002—2020年适配时空演化特征,并对其内外影响因素进行探讨。结果表明:(1)旅游城市韧性与居民幸福水平的适配逐渐向高级别演化,经历了“不适配—较适配—相对适配—高度适配”的转变,时序演化态势总体向好,但空间分异特征显著,呈现出不稳定性和波动性特征。(2)内部要素驱动方面,旅游城市韧性系统中经济韧性和生态韧性,居民幸福水平系统中家庭环境和共建共享是影响适配的主要障碍因素。(3)外部环境驱动方面,固定资产投资占GDP比重、公路通车里程、城市人口密度、住宿和餐饮业从业人员比重4项要素与适配度的关联较强,对适配的贡献较大。基于上述结论,提出相关政策建议,以期为旅游城市高质量发展与居民幸福水平提升提供一定借鉴。

The adaptation of tourism city resilience and residents’ happiness level greatly affects the sustainable development capacity of tourism cities and the improvement of residents’ happiness level. By constructing an evaluation indicator system of tourism city resilience and residents’ happiness level and taking Zhangjiajie, a typical tourism city, as an example, this study empirically analyzed the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of adaptation from 2002 to 2020and its internal and external impact factors using the entropy weight technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution(TOPSIS) method and an adaptive quantification model.The results show that:(1) The adaptation of tourism city resilience and residents’ happiness level has gradually evolved to a high level, and has experienced the transition of no adaptation-moderate adaptation-relative highly adaptation-high adaptation, and the temporal evolution trend is generally positive. However, the spatial differentiation is significant, showing the characteristics of instability and volatility.(2) In terms of internal drivers, economic resilience and ecological resilience in the tourism city resilience system, and family environment and co-construction and sharing in the residents’ happiness level system are the main obstacles affecting adaptation.(3) In terms of external environmental drivers, the four elements of proportion of fixed asset investment in GDP,highway mileage, urban population density, and proportion of employees in the accommodation and catering industry are closely related to the degree of adaptation, and significantly contribute to adaptation. Based on the conclusions, relevant policy recommendations were put forward in order to provide some reference for the high-quality development of tourism cities and the improvement of residents’ happiness level.