共同体构建视域下“共情修辞”的目标、问题、路径——兼论“元主体”“他者意识”“话语权补偿”概念

Goals, Problems and Paths of “Rhetoric of Empathy” in the Perspective of Community Construction — On the Concepts of “Meta-subject”, “Consciousness of the Other” and “Discourse Right Compensation”

人类命运共同体的构建是人类社会化最伟大的愿景和实践。语言是人类交往最重要的媒介,推进共同体的构建更离不开语言。这里的“语言”不仅意味着一种符号体系,更意味着一种修辞行为,一种“共情修辞”。依据“新言语行为分析”理论,修辞不仅意味着“表达”,还包括“接受”,共情修辞应该具备自觉的“倾听”意识;修辞不仅意味着“你/我”的对话,更是“我/你/他”三方的情感感知和响应,共情修辞应该具备自觉的“他者”意识;修辞不仅意味着话语权的实现,还包括“话语权补偿”机制,共情修辞应该自觉走出“丛林思维”。进而言之,共情不仅是修辞的动力,也是修辞的一套行动方案,更是修辞的根本目标,对于国家形象修辞而言,更是达成“共同体化”的必由之路。

The construction of a community with a shared future for mankind is the greatest vision and practice of human socialization.Language is the most important medium of human interaction, and it is indispensable to the construction of a community.“Language” here does not only mean a symbolic system, but also a rhetorical act, a kind of “rhetoric of empathy”.According to the “New Speech Act Analysis” theory, rhetoric not only means “expression”, but also “reception”, and the rhetoric of empathy should have a conscious sense of “listening”.Rhetoric not only means the dialogue of “you/I”, but also the emotional perception and response of “I/you/other”, and the rhetoric of empathy should have a conscious sense of “otherness”.Rhetoric not only means the realization of discourse right, but also the mechanism of “discourse right compensation”, and the rhetoric of empathy should consciously get out of the “jungle thinking”.Furthermore, empathy is not only the driving force of rhetoric, but also a set of action plans for rhetoric, and it is also the fundamental goal of rhetoric.For the rhetoric of national image, empathy is the only way to achieve “communalization”.