前作和稻草覆盖对川芎栽培土壤理化性质的影响

Effects of preceding crops and straw covering on soil physical and chemical properties of Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort

目的 通过前作和稻草覆盖对川芎栽培土壤理化性质影响研究,筛选川芎生态种植适宜前作和稻草覆盖,为川芎生态种植提供科学依据。方法 采用二因素裂区设计,主因素为前作A(大豆、水稻、川芎),副因素为稻草覆盖B(未盖草、稻草覆盖栽种行、稻草厢面全覆盖),对川芎的整个生长发育期栽培土壤理化指标进行测定并分析。结果 前作、稻草覆盖、前作和稻草覆盖对川芎栽培土壤理化性质有影响。在川芎的整个生育期,前作大豆、水稻、川芎的土壤含水量均>20%,孔隙度均>50%,土壤容重接近1.2 g/cm^(3),前作大豆的土壤全氮、速效氮高于前作水稻和川芎(除茎叶发生生长期);有机质和有机碳含量高于前作水稻和川芎(抽茎期、采收期)。在三种前作类型下,稻草覆盖可以提高土壤含水量、孔隙度,降低土壤容重;可以提高土壤全氮、全磷、全钾、速效氮、速效磷、速效钾、有机质、有机碳的含量。结论 前作大豆的土壤化学性质优于前作水稻和川芎,栽培土壤的理化性质覆盖稻草优于未盖草。

Objective To study the effects of different preceding crops and straw coverings on soil physical and chemical properties of Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort.,screening suitable preceding crops and straw covering for ecological planting of Ligusticum chuanxiong, so as to provide scientific basis for ecological planting of Ligusticum chuanxiong.Methods Using a two-factor split-zone design, the main treatment was preceding crops A(soybean, rice, Ligusticum chuanxiong), and the secondary treatment was straw covering B(uncovered straw, straw covered planting row, straw covered whole box surface). The soil physical and chemical properties were determined and analyzed in the whole growth and development. Results The soil physical and chemical properties were affected by preceding crops,straw covering and interation of preceding crops and straw covering.The soil moisture content of the three preceding crops were more than 20%, the soil porosity was more than 50%, and the soil bulk density was close to 1.2 g/cm^(3). The contents of total nitrogen, available nitrogen(except the occurrence and growth period of stems and leaves), organic matter and organic carbon(Stemming stage and harvesting stage) in the soil of preceding crop of soybean were higher than those of rice and Ligusticum chuanxiong. Straw covering could increase soil water content, porosity and reduce soil bulk density under the three preceding cropping types;It can increase the contents of soil total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, available nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, organic matter and organic carbon.Conclusion The soil chemical properties of preceding crop of soybean were better than those of preceding crops of rice and Ligusticum chuanxiong, and the physical and chemical properties of soil covered straw was better than that of uncovered straw.