自动驾驶时代基于地铁定价策略的多模式通勤出行管理

Managing Multi-Mode Commuting Based on Transit Pricing Strategy in the Era of Autonomous Vehicles

多模式交通系统的优化管理研究是交通领域的经典问题.文章结合自动驾驶时代背景,构建高速瓶颈公路传统汽车和共享自动驾驶汽车,以及独立地铁线路组成的多模式竞争交通模型,研究不同地铁定价策略(如地铁边际成本,平均成本,总社会成本最优以及考虑道路收费时受补贴的地铁边际成本定价)对共享自动驾驶汽车市场渗透率,出行模式划分以及总社会成本的影响.结果表明:随地铁定价策略变化,独驾传统汽车的通勤者数量未受影响,共享自动驾驶汽车和地铁的通勤者数量变化不唯一;当满足某个特定条件时,总社会成本最优定价在引导地铁出行,缓解道路拥堵,降低通勤者个体出行成本和总社会成本等方面具有最佳效果;而提高地铁运营的边际成本,受补贴的地铁边际成本定价将实现总社会成本最优.文章从不同视角为政府制定多目标和弹性的交通政策提供参考.

Optimal management on the multi-mode traffic system is the classic problem in transportation field.Combining the background of the autonomous era,this paper formulates a multi-modal competitive transportation model consisting of the regular vehicles(RVs) and shared autonomous vehicles(SAVs) on a bottleneckconstrained highway and a separate transit line,then investigates the impact of diverse strategies of transit pricing(e.g.,marginal cost pricing,average cost pricing,optimal total social cost pricing,and subsidized marginal cost pricing from road tolling) on the penetration rate for SAVs,the modal split pattern,and the total social costs.The results show that:the number of commuters for RVs is not affected,while the number of commuters for SAVs and transit is not unique with the change of different transit pricing;when some condition is satisfied,optimal total social cost pricing has the best effect in guiding commuters to choose the transit mode,alleviating road congestion,and reducing individual travel cost and total social cost;however,with the marginal cost further improved,the subsidized marginal cost pricing from road tolling will achieve the minimal total social cost.This paper provides reference for the government to formulate multi-objective and flexible traffic policies from different perspectives.