阴阳:欧美汉学界明清小说研究的一个性别视角

Yin and Yang:A Perspective on the Gender in the Novels of Ming and Qing Dynasties in European and American Sinology

在中国文化语境中,阴阳语义丰富,具有庞大的可阐释空间。在阴阳哲学与儒家话语的统摄下,中国的“性别”概念从本质上区别于西方。鉴于阴阳与中国性别建构之间的紧密联系,在性别研究视域下,欧美汉学家一方面将阴阳作为思想文化背景,一方面将之视为与小说修辞方式有关的抽象内在结构。艾梅兰、黄卫总、魏浊安等汉学家对明清小说中的“男子气”与“女子气”展开讨论,对“性别气质”理论进行中国化改造与完善。浦安迪、艾梅兰等汉学家致力于对阴阳观下的明清小说进行结构主义分析,建构阴阳逻辑、性别结构以及小说文本之间的融通关系。欧美汉学家的研究实践,在明清小说研究史、全球性别研究史、欧美汉学史上都有重要意义。

In the context of Chinese culture,Yin and Yang have a huge interpretable space because of its rich semantics.Under the guidance of Yin and Yang philosophy and Confucian discourse,the concept of gender in China is essentially different from that in the West.In view of the close relationship between Yin-Yang and Chinese gender,in the perspective of gender studies,European and American Sinologists regard Yin and Yang as the ideological and cultural background on the one hand,and as the abstract internal structure related to novel rhetoric on the other.Maram Epstein,Martin W.Huang,Giovanni Vitiello and other sinologists discussed the masculinity and femininity in the novels of Ming and Qing Dynasties,and reformed and improved the theory of gender in China.Andrew H.Plaks,Maram Epstein and other sinologists are committed to the structuralist analysis of Ming and Qing novels under the concepts of Yin and Yang,and construct the logic of Yin and Yang,the gender structure and the harmonious relationship between novel texts.This research of European and American Sinologists is of great significance in the history of novels in Ming and Qing Dynasties,the history of global gender studies,and the history of European and American Sinology.