农产品国际贸易对中国农村贫困的影响

The Impact of International Trade in Agricultural Products on Rural Poverty in China

【目的/意义】农产品进出口贸易规模进一步扩张可带动农业经济增长,这对于农业生产水平的提高、农业产业结构的优化升级及农村贫困发生率的下降具有重要意义。研究农产品国际贸易对中国农村减贫的影响,可为政府相关政策制定提供参考,同时为巩固全面小康社会成果提供研究依据,以进一步助力中国农村减贫事业。【方法/过程】基于2007—2019年省级面板数据,以农村人均收入和城乡收入差距为衡量指标,就农产品国际贸易对中国农村贫困的影响进行实证分析。【结论/结果】研究表明:农产品进出口有助于提高农民收入,缓解中国农村的绝对贫困,但在一定程度上也扩大了城乡收入差距,加重了中国农村的相对贫困。据此提出,建立农产品进口预警机制,选择性进口农产品;改善农产品出口环境,加强政府支农投入力度;加强教育投资力度,提高农民核心竞争力;优化财政支农结构,加强财政支农监管力度;构建交通设施新体系,因地制宜合理布局的政策建议。

【Objective/Meaning】The further expansion of the import and export trade of agricultural products has driven the growth of the agricultural economy, which is of great significance for the improvement of agricultural production, the further optimization and upgrading of relevant industrial structures, and the decline of the incidence of rural poverty. Therefore, studying the impact of international trade in agricultural products on poverty reduction in China ’s rural areas would help government formulate appropriate policies, as well as to provide a research foundation for consolidating the accomplishments of a moderately prosperous society and to aid in the country’s efforts to reduce rural poverty. 【Methods/Procedures】This research creates different models utilizing the rural per capita income and the urban-rural income gap as indicators to undertake an empirical analysis on the effect of international trade in agricultural goods on rural poverty in China, based on province panel data from 2007 to 2019.【Results/Conclusions】The results shows that the import and export of agricultural products can help improve farmers’ income and alleviate absolute poverty in rural China, but it has also widened the income gap between urban and rural areas and aggravated the relative poverty in rural areas of China. Based on this, the following countermeasures were put forward, including establishing an early warning mechanism for the import of agricultural products and selectively import agricultural products, improving the export environment of agricultural products and strengthening the government’s investment in supporting agriculture, increasing investment in education and improveing farmers’ core competitiveness, optimizing the structure of financial support for agriculture and strengthening the supervision of financial support for agriculture, and building a new system of transportation facilities according to the local system.