跨学科研究生培养模式:美国的典型案例及启示

Interdisciplinary Graduate Training Mode:Typical Cases and Enlightenment in the United States

跨学科研究生教育是培养高水平复合型人才的重要途径,也是世界研究生教育发展与改革的新方向。美国跨学科研究生教育的历史悠久、经验丰富,宾夕法尼亚大学教育研究生院人类发展跨学科研究项目就是一个典型案例。该项目已形成包括明确创新性跨学科学术人才的培养目标、开设丰富的跨学科课程、多样性的科研实践活动与多学科学习经历的师资、由研究生院主导的跨学科教育组织形式以及保障人才培养质量的考核机制等在内的较为成熟的培养模式。该项目对我国高校跨学科培养研究生的启示是:应更新培养理念,明晰培养目标;优化培养过程,完善考核评价机制;健全保障机制,推动跨学科教育发展。

Interdisciplinary graduate education is an important way to cultivate high-level interdisciplinary talents,and also a new direction for the development and reform of graduate education in the world.The interdisciplinary graduate education in the United States has a long history and rich experience.The Interdisciplinary research program of Human Development in the Graduate School of Education of the University of Pennsylvania is a typical case.The program has formed a relatively mature training mode,including the training goal of innovative interdisciplinary academic talents,teachers with rich interdisciplinary courses,diverse scientific research practices and multi-disciplinary learning experiences,and interdisciplinary education organization form led by graduate school and assessment mechanism to ensure the quality of talent training.Our universities should renew the training concept,clear training goals;optimize the training process,perfect the evaluation mechanism.We will improve the guarantee mechanism and promote the development of interdisciplinary education.