妊娠期糖尿病的相关危险因素分析

Risk factors of gestational diabetes mellitus

目的探讨影响妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)的危险因素,为孕早期预防和干预GDM提供理论依据。方法在2019年12月至2021年12月期间于湖北省妇幼保健院进行的一项前瞻性队列研究中,选取孕周≤16周的孕妇作为研究对象。共纳入3567例孕妇进行分析,根据是否诊断为GDM进行分组,其中GDM病例组为727例,正常对照组为2840例。采用卡方检验和多因素Logistic回归分析来筛选GDM发病的相关危险因素。结果多因素分析结果显示,年龄≥35岁(OR=1.65,95%CI:1.26~2.16)、孕前BMI≥24 kg/m^(2)(OR=2.02,95%CI:1.63~2.49)、糖尿病家族史(OR=1.86,95%CI:1.43~2.42)和GDM史(OR=4.84,95%CI:2.71~8.64)均为GDM发病的高危因素。结论针对年龄、孕前BMI、糖尿病家族史和GDM史这些高危因素采取必要的干预措施,有望降低孕妇GDM的发病率。

Objective To investigate the risk factors influencing gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM),and to provide the theoretical basis for the prevention and intervention of GDM in early pregnancy.Methods In a prospective cohort study conducted in Hubei Maternal and Child Health Hospital from December 2019 to December 2021,pregnant women at 16 weeks were studied.A total of 3567 pregnant women were included for analysis and grouped according to whether they were diagnosed as GDM,including 727 cases of GDM and 2840 cases of normal control group.Chi-square test and multiple Logistic regression were used to screen the risk factors of GDM.Results Multivariate analysis showed that age≥35 years old(OR=1.65,95%CI:1.26-2.16),pre-pregnancy BMI≥24 kg/m^(2)(OR=2.02,95%CI:1.63-2.49),family history of diabetes(OR=1.86,95%CI:1.43-2.42)and history of GDM(OR=4.84,95%CI:2.71-8.64)were high risk factors for gestational diabetes.Conclusions Intervention measures should be taken according to age,pre-pregnancy BMI,family history of diabetes and history of GDM to reduce the incidence of GDM in pregnant women.