城市绿化灌木耐旱性评价及灌溉制度研究进展

Review of Research on Drought Tolerance Evaluation and Irrigation Regime of Urban Greening Shrubs

干旱缺水是当今社会发展面临的重大难题,筛选抗旱节水灌木树种和制定科学合理灌溉措施是有效的解决方法。文中分类归纳绿化灌木耐旱性评价指标,对比各评价方法的原理和特点,并从灌溉技术和灌溉量2个方面阐述节水灌溉制度,重点探讨了亏缺灌溉方式的内涵、类型以及在绿化灌木管理中的应用前景。建议今后优先开展以下4个方面的研究:(1)目前大量使用的盆栽控水研究与城市干旱实际发生模式间存在着差异,应开展绿化灌木干旱原位控制试验;(2)筛选并全面考虑各抗旱指标贡献,建立综合评价指标体系,为绿化灌木耐旱性评价提供理论依据;(3)明确各灌木树种需水、耗水规律,探究不同时段内灌木需水量变化,并据此动态调整灌溉量;(4)为了将亏缺灌溉应用于实际绿化管理中,需要明确灌木对水分亏缺的可接受度,验证保证绿化灌木使用功能前提下的最低灌溉水平。

Drought is a critical problem threatening the development of modern society.Selecting drought-resistant and water-saving shrub species and developing science-based and reasonable irrigation measures can provide effective solutions to this issue.In this study,we classify and summarize the indexes of drought tolerance evaluation of greening shrubs,compare the principle and characteristic of each evaluation method,and expound the current water-saving irrigation regime in terms of irrigation technology and irrigation volume,focusing on the connotation and types of deficit irrigation methods and its prospects of application in greening shrubs management.We suggest that priority of the research should be as follows:(1)Considering that there are differences between the currently used studies of water control in pots and the actual occurrence of drought in urban environment,it is recommended to conduct in situ control experiments on drought stress in greening shrubs;(2)The contribution of various drought resistance indicators should be selected and comprehensively considered for establishing a comprehensive evaluation index system,so as to provide a theoretical basis for the evaluation of drought tolerance of greening shrubs;(3)Water demand and consumption patterns of each shrub species should be clarified for understanding the water demand dynamics of shrub species at different periods of time,which can help adjust the irrigation amount accordingly;and (4)It is necessary to clarify the acceptability of shrubs to water deficit and verify the minimum irrigation level to ensure the usage function of green shrubs in order to apply deficit irrigation to practical greening management.