基于黏结剂喷射的木质材料增材制造技术研究进展

Research Progress in Additive Manufacturing Technology for Wood Materials Based on 3DP

木材是自然界中分布最广泛的材料之一,在制造业和建筑业等领域有着广泛的应用。我国是木材消费和木材加工剩余物产出大国,但目前国内木材加工剩余物利用率较低、利用方式单一,与发达国家相比差距较大。通过创新木材剩余物处理方式,研发相关技术,可逐步缩小与发达国家之间的差距。黏结剂喷射(3DP)技术具有材料来源广泛、加工简单、成型效率高等特点,基于木质材料特点,以木材加工剩余物为原料,实现木质材料增材制造具有广阔的发展前景。文中以增材制造中的木质纤维及其分类为背景,介绍增材制造中木质耗材的研究现状,重点阐述木质材料3DP中典型黏结剂喷射成型(BJ)技术、散装材料选择性沉积技术和单层制造(ILF)技术等3类技术的成型原理、研究进展及其最新应用等,根据木质材料的物理特性和成型机理,探讨黏结剂、粉末床工艺和后处理等因素对木质材料3DP成型精度和成型质量的影响,并对木质材料3DP技术存在的问题进行分析并展望其发展趋势。

Wood is one of the most widely distributed materials in nature and has been broadly applied in a range of fields such as manufacturing and construction. China is a big country in wood consumption and wood processing residue. At present, China is far behind developed countries in the utilization rate of wood processing residues and the utilization methods. Innovating the treatment methods for wood residues and developing related technologies will gradually narrow the gap from developed countries. Binder jetting(3DP) technology enjoys the characteristics of wide source of material, simple processing, and molding efficiency.Based on the characteristics of wood materials, there is a broad room for using wood processing residues as consumables to realize additive manufacturing of wood-based material. Based on wood fiber and its classification in additive manufacturing, this paper introduces the research progress in wood consumables used in additive manufacturing, and emphatically expounds the forming principle, research progress and the latest application of typical binder jetting(BJ) technology, bulk material selective deposition technology and individual layer fabrication(ILF) technology in 3DP of wood materials. According to the physical properties and forming mechanism of wood materials, the effects of binder, powder bed process and post-treatment methods on the forming accuracy and forming quality of wood materials 3DP are analyzed. Finally, the existing problems and future development trends of wood materials 3DP technology are summarized and prospected.