拉美国家参与全球森林治理的3种模式——以REDD为例

Three Modes of Latin American Countries’Participation in Global Forest Governance:A Case Study of REDD

随着对全球变暖和气候变化的担忧和关注在国际政策辩论中占据越来越重要的地位,全球对森林治理问题的兴趣和关注也在日益增长。森林已被定位为具有全球价值的碳库,对碳封存和缓解气候变暖具有重要作用。在这种背景下,拉丁美洲的森林治理在应对气候变化方面被视为具有全球重要性。文中以REDD为分析视角,从分阶段的方式出发,将拉美国家参与全球森林治理的模式分为以巴西为代表的自信模式、以哥伦比亚和哥斯达黎加为代表的包容模式和以玻利维亚为代表的抗拒模式3种;通过分析认为,拉美国家有最终实现减少森林砍伐和森林退化的巨大潜力以及利用其丰富的森林资源缓解气候变化的相应能力,但需要坚定森林治理和改革的决心并保证REDD政策实施的持续性。

As the concerns about global warming and climate change occupy an increasingly important position in the international policy debates,global interest in forest governance has been growing.Forest is positioned as carbon sink with global value because of its contribution to carbon sequestration and climate warming mitigation.In this context,forest governance in Latin America is considered to be of global importance in addressing climate change.From the perspective of REDD,the paper divides Latin American countries’participation in global forest governance into three modes,i.e.,confidence mode represented by Brazil,inclusion mode represented by Colombia and Costa Rica,and resistance mode represented by Bolivia.Based on the analysis,it is argued that Latin American countries have the huge potential to eventually reduce deforestation and forest degradation and the corresponding ability to use their rich forest resources to mitigate climate change,but they need to strengthen their determination in forest governance and reform and ensure the sustainability of REDD policy implementation.