不确定是坏的么?不确定状态中的错误加工特点及其解释机制

Is uncertainty bad?Mixed findings and explanatory model of error processing under uncertainty

错误是人类决策和行为过程中在所难免的。然而,错误常常带来不利后果甚至危及生命(如高危作业时的失误)。如何有效监控错误并优化行为对于个体生存和发展至关重要。错误的发生受到内部心理状态影响,个体常在不确定的情境中做出判断,不确定状态增强还是削弱错误监控,是一个重要科学问题,却存在矛盾结果。在前期积累和理论分析基础上,本项目拟从人格差异角度探索不确定容忍度的调节作用。不确定容忍度的差异意味着个体对于模糊情境的耐受性和错误的敏感性不同,因而可能调节不确定状态中的错误加工过程。研究1采用行为实验,揭示多种不确定情境中(如奖赏/惩罚)错误监控和错误后调整的认知特点,考察不确定容忍度的调节作用;研究2通过考察电生理表征、时间加工进程和神经振荡机制等进一步解释这些现象。本项目对于探明不确定状态中的错误加工规律及其人格调节机制具有重要理论价值,对于促进个体的环境适应、目标达成等具有较好现实意义。

Errors are inevitable in human decision-making and goal-directed behavior.However,errors can bring adverse consequences and are sometimes life-threatening(such as mistakes in high-risk operations).Effectively monitoring errors and optimizing behavior are thus critical to individual survival and development.The occurrence of errors is affected by people’s internal psychological state,when they make decisions and take actions in an uncertain state.Whether the uncertainty enhances error monitoring or not is an important scientific question.Currently,there are contradictory findings.Based on previous work and theoretical analysis,the current project aims to explore the moderating role of intolerance of uncertainty in error monitoring from the perspective of personality differences.Specifically,we explore whether an individual’s tolerance to ambiguous situations and the sensitivity to errors would moderate error processing in uncertain situations.Study 1 is designed to investigate the cognitive characteristics of error monitoring and post-error adjustment in a variety of uncertain situations(e.g.,reward/punishment),examining the moderating effect of intolerance of uncertainty with a series of behavioral experiments.Study 2 would explore the underlying electrophysiological representations,time-course,and neural oscillation mechanisms in EEG experiments.Together,this project provides empirical evidence of personality as a modulation mechanism in error processing under uncertainty,and offers practical implications in promoting human environmental adaptation and goal achievement.