我国老年人口视力残疾地区分布差异的分析

Analysis of regional distribution differences of visual disability among older adults in China

目的探讨视力残疾老年人残疾患病率、致残原因和严重程度的区域分布,为提高视力残疾人口精准康复效率、区域性预防政策的制定提供依据。设计横断面调查。研究对象2006年第二次全国残疾人抽样调查的60岁及以上老年人354859人。方法使用2006年第二次全国残疾人抽样调查数据,计算不同致残原因下我国视力残疾老年人分城乡、经济区的患病率,并利用Logistic回归模型判定其地区差异,对老年人视力残疾严重程度的构成进行分地区的描述性分析。主要指标患病率和构成比。结果农村老年人视力残疾患病率高于城镇,其中先天性、感染性疾病、非感染性疾病和原因不明及其他致视力残疾的患病率分别是城镇老年人的1.93、3.30、1.59和2.07倍,且残疾程度更为严重。视力残疾的致残原因以非感染性疾病为主。北部沿海地区非感染性疾病致残患病率最低(39.10‰,95%CI:37.56~40.65)、残疾严重程度较轻(轻度占全部视力残疾老年人的62.26%),南部地区、高原地区非感染性疾病致残患病率较高(大西南地区:67.41‰,95%CI:65.59~69.22;南部沿海地区:72.16‰,95%CI:69.52~74.79;大西北地区:84.00‰,95%CI:80.26~87.73)。结论我国老年人视力残疾患病率、致残原因与残疾严重程度具有区域差异,应分层分类采取重点人群视力残疾防治策略。

Objective To analyze the regional distribution of older adults with visual disabilities and to provide a basis for improving the efficiency of rehabilitation of the visually disabled population and the formulation of regional prevention policies.Design Cross sectional survey.Participants 354859 elderly people aged 60 and above in the Second China National Sample Survey on Disability in 2006.Methods Based on the data of the Second China National Sample Survey on Disability in 2006,the prevalence of older adults with visual disability in China were calculated by urban and rural areas and economic regions under different causes of disability.We determined whether the regional differences were statistically significant using logistic regression models,and conducted a descriptive analysis of the composition of the severity of visual disability among older adults by region.Main Outcomes Measures Prevalence and constituent ratio.Results The prevalence of visual disability among rural older adults was higher than that in urban areas,with the prevalence of congenital,infectious,non-infectious,and unexplained and other causes of visual disability being 1.93,3.30,1.59 and 2.07 times higher than that of urban older adults,respectively.The severity of visual disability was also more severe in rural older adults.The causes of visual disability were mainly non-infectious diseases.The northern coastal region had the lowest prevalence of visual disability cause by non-infectious diseases(39.10‰,95%CI:37.56~40.65)and less severe disability,while the southern region and highland region had higher prevalence(great southwest region:67.41‰,95%CI:65.59~69.22;southern coastal region:72.16‰,95%CI:69.52~74.79;great northwest region:84.00‰,95%CI:80.26~87.73).Conclusion There are regional differences in the causes and severity of disability among older adults with visual disabilities in China.Prevention and treatment strategies for visual disability of key groups should be adopted according by levels.