梅兰芳表演美学精髓的当代阐释及价值

Contemporary Interpretations and Value of the Aesthetic Essence of Mei Lanfang's PerformanceArt

梅兰芳的“表情”并不局限于“面部”,而是“具身”性的。所谓“具身表情”也即戏曲演员处处以“有声皆歌、无动不舞”的身体纯净姿式来“表情”,它是以唱、念、做、打(舞),口、手、眼、身、步等极其繁难艰奥的“四功五法”童子功为根基所建构的身体“姿式化”的审美符号系统。梅兰芳的表演处处要显得美又不费力,就必然涉及戏曲演员“新的存在”的本体论问题:“在”即“异在”。“在”之作为出离遮蔽,作为“展开状态”,正是通过“特定变异”而扬弃自身,即以非对象性的“异在”而“在”。这个“异在”正是梅兰芳所获得的“新的存在”之独属于艺术家的“存在感”。这种独异于人的艺术家的“存在感”使原本日常的“梅畹华”生成为“尚不是的……”,由此开启了梅兰芳“在”即“异在”的独绝审美在场视域。正是奠基于具身表情所凸显的“在”即“异在”性,对梅兰芳表演艺术最根本的知觉视域因而就是借助“观众的想象力”可心观直透的作为非对象性、非实体化“纯粹的创造物”的意象世界。正是借助建立在具身性童子功基础上的“反复出现的原则”--“前置表达”这个“演员的秘密”,梅兰芳的表演处处让观众目(耳)不暇接地知觉到具身意象的生成性、流动性和重叠性。

In the past,academic research on Mei Lanfang mainly focused on interpreting his performance art,but it lacked adequate explication of the essential characteristics of his artistic philosophy.As the globalization of his performance art has progressed over the past century,it has become increasingly urgent for Chinese scholars to interpret and construct contemporary academic interpretations of the essence of his performance aesthetics in the context of mutual appreciation between the East and the West.