优化蔬菜废弃物和玉米秸秆配比对堆肥腐熟度的影响

Effects of the ratio of vegetable waste and corn straw on compost maturity

为了寻求蔬菜废弃物和玉米秸秆好氧堆肥时的最佳配比,探索不同比例对堆肥腐熟度的影响,将蔬菜废弃物和玉米秸秆按照体积比5∶0(T1)、4∶1(T2)、3∶2(T3)、2∶3(T4)、1︰4(T5)设置5个堆肥处理组合,通过测定或计算温度、电导率(EC)、铵态氮和硝态氮、碳氮比(C/N)及种子发芽指数对堆肥产品的发酵效果和腐熟度进行评价。结果表明,T3、T4处理>55℃的高温持续时间均不低于5 d,堆肥25 d时EC均低于3 mS·cm^(-1),符合蔬菜废弃物无害化标准;T1~T5各处理的铵态氮含量(w,后同)均随堆肥时间的延长先增加后减少,堆肥结束后硝态氮含量均高于堆肥0 d时,在堆肥25 d时T3、T4处理铵态氮含量相比于堆肥0 d时分别减少了75.5%、68.8%,硝态氮含量则分别增加了3.6、4.3倍;T3、T4处理的种子发芽指数均大于70%,达到了腐熟标准和对种子无害化要求。综上所述,在实际生产操作中,将蔬菜废弃物和玉米秸秆体积比控制在3∶2和2∶3之间有利于堆料的腐熟和养分的保持。

To get the proper ratio of vegetable waste and corn straw for aerobic composting and explore the influence of different ratios on the maturity of composting,five composting treatment groups were set up based on the volume of vegetable waste and corn straw:5∶0(T1),4∶1(T2),3∶2(T3),2∶3(T4),1∶4(T5).The fermentation effect and maturity of composting products were evaluated by measuring or calculating temperature,electrical conductivity(EC),ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen,C/N and seed germination index.The duration of high temperature>55℃in T3 and T4 groups was not less than 5 days,and the EC value was less than 3 mS·cm^(-1)after 25 days,which met the safe standard of vegetable waste;The ammonium nitrogen content(w)in T1-T5 groups increased first and then decreased with composting,while after composting the content of nitrate nitrogen is higher than that of composting 0 day.At 25 days of composting,the content of ammonium nitrogen in T3 and T4 groups decreased by 75.5%and 68.8%respectively compared with that at 0 day of composting,while the content of nitrate nitrogen increased by 3.6 and 4.3 times respectively.The germination index value of T3 and T4 groups was more than 70%,which met the maturity standard and the requirements for seed safety.In the actual production operation,the volume ratio of vegetable waste to corn straw is controlled between 3∶2 and 2∶3,which is conducive to the maturity of compost and the maintenance of nutrients.