某院儿童轮状病毒腹泻报告病例的流行病学特征

Epidemiological Characteristics of Reported Cases of Rotavirus Diarrhea in Children in A Hospital

目的 探讨某院儿童轮状病毒(RV)腹泻报告病例的流行病学特征。方法 回顾性分析2021年3—11月佛山市高明区人民医院门诊和住院的618例腹泻患儿临床资料,比较不同性别、不同季节、不同年龄、不同就诊类型儿童RV感染情况,并分析RV感染发病时间及感染儿童的临床特征。结果 618例腹泻患儿RV阳性检出率为4.53%(28/618),男性检出率为4.96%(18/363),女性检出率为3.92%(10/255),不同性别RV检出率比较差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=0.372,P>0.05);不同粪便性状检出率比较差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=9.556,P<0.05),其中水样便检出率最高,为6.93%;2021年3月、4月、5月RV检出率分别为1.29%、1.13%、0.97%,明显高于其他月份(P<0.05);春季为RV发病高峰期,不同月份RV检出率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=54.788,P<0.05);0~36个月患儿RV阳性率较高为4.21%(26/618),且不同年龄段儿童RV阳性率比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 佛山市高明区人民医院2021年3—11月儿童RV阳性检出率较低,RV感染性腹泻好发于低龄(<36月龄)儿童,春季为高发季节。

Objective To explore the epidemiological characteristics of reported cases of rotavirus(RV) diarrhea in children in a hospital. Methods Retrospective analysis of the clinical data of 618 children with diarrhea in the outpatient and inpatient departments of Foshan Gaoming District People’s Hospital from March to November 2021.The RV infection status in children of different genders, different seasons, different ages and different types of visits were compared, and the onset time of RV infection and clinical characteristics of infected children were analyzed. Results The positive detection rate of RV in 618 children with diarrhea was 4.53%(28/618), and the detection rates in men and women were 4.96%(18/363) and 3.92%(10/255) respectively, thus there was no significant difference in the RV detection rate among children of different genders(χ^(2)=0.372, P>0.05). There was a significant difference in the detection rate among children of different stool traits(χ^(2)=9.556, P<0.05), and the detection rate in watery stool was the highest at 6.93%. The RV detection rates in March, April and May of 2021 were 1.29%, 1.13% and 0.97%respectively, which were much higher than other months. Spring was the peak period of RV incidence, and the difference in RV detection rate in different months was significant(χ^(2)=54.788, P<0.05). The positive rate of RV in children from 0 to 36 months was 4.21%(26/618), and there was a significant differences in the positive rate of RV among children of different ages(P<0.05).Conclusion The positive detection rate of RV is low in children in Foshan Gaoming District People’s Hospital from March to November 2021. RV infectious diarrhea is more likely to occur in young children(<36 months of age), and Spring is the season of high incidence.