海口火山石民居气候适应性设计研究

Research on Climate Adaptability Design of Volcanic Rock Dwelling in Haikou

“火山石”民居以火山石为主要建造材料,是海口当地一种典型代表性的乡土民居,是宝贵的民居历史遗存,具有较高的研究价值。为了解海口市当地乡村民居夏季热环境差异,分析当地火山石民居的气候适应性策略、营建方法和生态经验,研究选取海口市典型火山石村落中的传统火山石传统民居,从空间布局、平面形制、墙体、门窗、屋顶等方面通过空间和构造解析,并采用热成像的方法进行定性分析,从室内外空气温度、相对湿度和围护结构内外壁面温度等热环境参数,与现代住宅作对比研究,进行实地热环境测试进行定量分析。通过所测参数定性与定量分析,发现传统火山石民居的夏季室内热环境优于现代民居,其轴线式建筑布局、厚重的外围护结构、通透轻质材料的门窗、双层瓦屋面等设计策略均对当地热湿气候环境有良好的气候适应性。现代乡村住宅在进行更新设计时,应当传承传统民居的气候适应性设计策略,能够起到优化室内热环境的作用。

The volcanic rock dwelling is a typical local dwelling in Haikou.It is a precious historical relic of dwelling and has high research value.In order to find out the differences in the thermal environment of local rural houses in Haikou in summer,and to analyze the climate adaptability strategies,construction methods and ecological experience of local volcanic stone houses,this study selected traditional volcanic rock dwelling in typical volcanic stone villages in Haikou City,and conducted qualitative analysis though thermal imaging methods from the aspects of space layout,plan arrangement,walls,doors,and windows,roofs,etc.On the other hand,field thermal environment tests are carried out for quantitative analysis with modern house as a comparison,including indoor and outdoor air temperature,relative humidity and temperature of the inner and outer walls of the envelope.Through qualitative and quantitative analysis of measured parameters,it is concluded that the indoor thermal environment of traditional volcanic rock dwelling is better than that of modern house in summer.The design strategies such as axis building layout,heavy envelope structure,doors and windows of transparent light materials,Double-layer tile roofs have good climate adaptability to the local hot and humid climate environment.When designing a modern rural house,it should inherit the climate-adaptive design strategy of traditional houses,which play an important role in improving the indoor thermal environment.