市场贸易对边境城镇发展的影响研究——以北宋河北榷场为例

Research on the Influence of Market Trade on the Pattern of Border Cities and Towns——A Case Study of Quechang in Hebei in the Northern Song Dynasty

北宋与辽作为互补性极强的两大经济体,围绕“燕云”地区的土地和资源进行了数度战争。“澶渊之盟”缔结后,北宋在河北雄州、霸州、安肃军和广信军置四大榷场作为与辽贸易的固定场所。本研究基于宋辽两国资源禀赋梳理,讨论了宋初至景德年间河北路边界形势、南北陆路通道、防御布局情况,并以此为基础考察河北路榷场建置、贸易管理和榷货物运输网络等。河北榷场经榷务司统一调配货物,由路级转运司经御河运至缘边乾宁军,再由水路网络运送至各榷场,形成了以四大榷场为门户的地区市场贸易网络。缘边市场贸易的扩大使得城镇经济状况和人口数量得到提升,持续推动了商业街市、粮仓馆舍等对应人居要素的丰富和城池防御要素的更新。

As two highly complementary economies,the Northern Song Dynasty and Liao Dynasty fought several wars over the land and resources in the"Yanyun"area.After the conclusion of the"Chanyuan Treaty",the Northern Song Dynasty set up four major markets in Hebei Xiongzhou,Bazhou,Ansu Army and Guangxin Army as fixed places for trade with Liao Dynasty.Based on the combing of the resources of Song and Liao,this study discusses the border situation,north-south land passage and defense layout of Hebei road from the beginning of the Northern Song Dynasty to the first year of Jingde,and investigates the construction of Hebei Road market,trade management and cargo transportation route on this basis.The Economic Affairs Department of Hebei discussion field uniformly allocates goods,which are transported by the road level transfer department to Qianning army at the edge through Yu River,and then transported to each Quechang by waterway network,forming a regional cargo trade and transportation network with the four discussion fields as the core.The expansion of border market trade has improved the economic situation and population of cities and towns,and continuously promoted the enrichment of corresponding construction such as commercial markets,granaries,pavilions and the renewal of city defense elements.